Physiological quality of soybean seeds grown under different low altitude field environments and storage time

The use of high-quality seeds is essential to maintain high rates of production and productivity. The physiological quality of seeds obtained in the field is directly correlated to storage conditions and storage time. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds in relation to different field environments (seed lots) and storage time. Commercial lots of seeds of the soybean cultivar M8349 IPRO were stored for three and six months. Seed moisture content was determined before and after accelerated aging, along with seed germination percentage and vigour evaluations performed before and after each storage period. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomised factorial design (10 × 3): with ten seed lots and three storage periods. The data were analysed by ANOVA, and the means of four independent replicates for each parameter evaluated were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability (P ≤ 0.05). Our results revealed that the low altitude regions where the seed samples were collected are suitable for soybean seed production with high physiological quality. Seed storage for six months does not cause a significant reduction in subsequent soybean seed field performance

REFLEXÕES ACERCA DOS DIREITOS DOS INDÍGENAS E DAS POPULAÇÕES TRADICIONAIS DA AMAZÔNIA

A História e a Geografia da humanidade, nas quais se refletem a trajetória do tempo e da espacialidade/territorialidade, foram e são construídas de uma forma não linear com muitos embates e lutas, cujos resultados na maioria das vezes apontam para uma narrativa ou uma metanarrativa que refletem o ponto de vista dos vencedores. O Brasil, país de herança colonizadora e  expansionista, apresenta como resultado as contradições políticas, sociais, econômicas e espaciais/territoriais cristalizadas e que permanecem nos dias atuais, ainda que muito recentemente tenha procurado dar visibilidade aos excluídos, tanto da cidade quanto aqueles que habitam o campo – zona rural. A Amazônia, integrante desse processo da modernidade, não fica alheia a tais acontecimentos, ainda que apresente internamente suas próprias contradições e conflitos, sendo que por ser uma das últimas fronteiras econômicas apresenta uma dinamicidade que diretamente propicia uma série de ressignificações nos modos de vida e nas identidades dos categorizados pelo conhecimento científico como povos tradicionais – e que neste trabalho nos referiremos a eles como povos amazônicos, sejam ribeirinhos, indígenas, extrativistas ou pequenos agricultores, em decorrência da maneira de vivenciar suas territorialidades/espacialidades. O fato é que cada um desses povos, é tratado aqui como sendo formado por humanos e não como conceitos científicos ou objetos que se encontram numa grande encruzilhada entre a permanência e a mudança, entre o novo e o antigo, entre o “arcaico” e a modernidade. O artigo em si busca discutir o protagonismo dos povos amazônicos enquanto pessoas que buscam e reivindicam seus direitos na realidade enfrentada no seu cotidiano; assim esboçamos um recorte temporal a partir dos anos 1980 com o processo de abertura democrática do país, anos em que surgiram inúmeros movimentos de reinvindicação de direitos desses povos, até mesmo como compreensão da dívida social histórica a eles devida.Palavras Chave: Povos Amazônicos; Invisibilidade e Identidade; Modos de vida; Territorialidades.REFLECTIONS ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS AND TRADITIONAL  POPULATIONS OF THE AMAZONAbstractThe History and Geography of mankind, that reflect the trajectory of time and spatiality/territoriality, were and are constructed in a non-linear form with many clashes, fights and whose results most often point to a narrative or a metanarrative that reflects the point of view of the winners. Brazil, as a country of colonizing and expansionist heritage, presents as a result political, social, economic and territorial/spatial crystallized contradictions which remain in the present day, though very recently it has sought to give visibility to the excluded people, both those who live in city and rural area. The Amazon, as part of this process of modernity, is not unrelated to such events, although presents internally their own contradictions and conflicts, with and because is one of the last economic borders presents a dynamic that directly promotes a series of re meanings in the ways of life and identities of the categorized by scientific knowledge as traditional people - in this work we will refer to them as] Amazonian people, whether they be riparian, indigenous, extractives communities or small farmers , due to how they use to living their territorialities/spatiality‟s. The fact is that each of these people here is considered as formed by humans and not as categories and/or scientific concepts and/or objects that are in a great crossroads between permanence and change, between old and new, between the "archaic" and the modernity. The article itself seeks to discuss the leading role of the Amazonia people, while people who seek and claim their rights vis-à-vis the reality that is placed in their daily life; so we outlined a timeframe from the ‟80 years through the process of democratic openness in the country, years during which emerged numerous claims of rights movements of these people, even as understanding of the historical social debt owe it to them.Key Words: Amazonian Peoples; Invisibility and Identity; Ways of life; Territorialities

Genetic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces in Brazil assessed with simple sequence repeats

Based on nine microsatellite loci, the aim of this study was to appraise the genetic diversity of 42 cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces from selected regions in Brazil, and examine how this variety is distributed according to origin in several municipalities in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Amazonas and Mato Grosso. High diversity values were found among the five above-mentioned regions, with 3.3 alleles per locus on an average, a high percentage of polymorphic loci varying from 88.8% to 100%, an average of 0.265 for observed heterozygosity and 0.570 for gene diversity. Most genetic diversity was concentrated within the regions themselves (HS = 0.52). Cluster analysis and principal component based scatter plotting showed greater similarity among landraces from São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Amazonas, whereas those from Minas Gerais were clustered into a sub-group within this group. The plants from Mato Grosso, mostly collected in the municipality of General Carneiro, provided the highest differentiation. The migration of human populations is one among the possible reasons for this closer resemblance or greater disparity among plants from the various regions

Heterogeneity of linalool chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br., based on clonal half-sib progenies

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. is an aromatic and medicinal shrub native to the American continent. Despite its potential as a source of essential oil for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, few selection and genetic improvement studies have been carried out. The aim of this study was to provide genetic information on this species for breeding programs, showing its selection potential, by investigating clonal half-sib progenies. The following characteristics were evaluated per plant: leaf dry mass (LDM), total dry mass (TDM), leaf yield (LY), essential oil yield (EOY) and oil production (OP). Estimates were made for the several genetic parameters including absolute genetic gain at 30% selection intensity, correlations and relative contribution of additive and environmental effects to phenotypic correlation. Two experimental trials on 30 progenies were conducted: one in Campinas, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, with two harvests of the aerial part, and one in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, with only one harvest. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design consisting of subplots with three replications, each plot (progeny) consisting of 8 to 15 clonally-replicated plants with subplot harvesting. Variations were detected between progenies and harvests, as well as progeny/harvest interactions in the split plot experiment. High heritability and genetic gains were obtained at both sites for LDM, TDM and OP. The lowest variations among progenies were obtained for LY and EOY, highlighting selection problems. Negative additive genetic correlations were obtained for EOY × LDM, EOY × TDM, LY × TDM and LY × LDM. Selection for LDM resulted in increased oil production per plant (OP), even where there was a negative correlation between LDM × EOY