10 research outputs found
Echange de chaleur intervenant lors de l'ebullition du freon-12 et du freon-22 sur des faisceaux de tubes a ailettes
Translated from the thesis of V.A. Djudin (In Russian)Available from CEN Saclay, Service de Documentation, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France) / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°
Together with the known pathogens of inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract in clinical practice are often found representatives of Streptococcus and Klebsiella, previously considered commensals of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. The exchange of genetic information facilitates the transfer of virulence factors between strains not only within the species but also within the genus. In such cases, the acquisition of virulence genes by nonpathogenic species from representatives of pathogenic species contributes to the manifestation of previously not typical properties. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the virulence of opportunistic Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. in inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract and substantiate their etiological role in the development of the disease. We studied 220 strains of Streptococcus spp. and 97 strains of Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients with inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract and from healthy individuals. Strains of Streptococcus spp. were investigated for the presence of virulence genes: sagA, lmb, fapl, ply, lytA. Strains of Klebsiella spp. were examined for the presence of virulence genes: MrkD, magA, kfu. The phenotypic marker of lmb gene expression in Streptococcus and MrkD gene in Klebsiella was the indicator of adhesion of isolated strains to buccal epithelial cells. Expression of the fapl gene was evaluated in a phenotypic biofilm formation test. In individuals with upper respiratory tract inflammation, the most common types of strepto -cocci were: S. mitis, S. anginosus, and S. oralis. Strains of these species isolated from inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract had 2-4 times greater adhesiveness than strains isolated from healthy individuals. Phenotypic determination of the ability to biofilm formation showed that strains of Streptococcus containing the fapl gene formed a dense biofilm in contrast to strains without the fapl gene. K. oxytoca strains isolated from people with sinusitis had mrkd, magA, and kfu virulence genes that are characteristic of K. pneumoniae strains. In phenotypic tests, it was found that the value of the adhesion index in K. oxytoca strains isolated from patients is 4 times higher than in strains of this species isolated from healthy individuals. Thus, to confirm the etiological role of an opportunistic microorganism in the development of the infectious process, it is necessary to be guided by data on the genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of the isolated strain.ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π», ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 220 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Streptococcus spp. ΠΈ 97 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Klebsiella spp., Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ sagA, lmb, fap1, ply, lytA. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Klebsiella spp. ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ MrkD, magA, kfu. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° lmb Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° MrkD Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠΊΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π° fap1 ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²: S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. oralis. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² 2-4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ fap1, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π° fap1. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ K. oxytoca, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π³Π°ΠΉΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ MrkD, magA, kfu, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² K. pneumoniae. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² K. oxytoca, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π² 4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°