Arbeitslosigkeit und Stellenannahmebereitschaft: Erste Ergebnisse eines Faktoriellen Survey Moduls

Matching individuals to jobs is a fundamental problem in any labour market. This paper focuses on job characteristics, such as wages, job quality, and distance from the current place of residence, and the impact of these characteristics on the willingness of employed and unemployed individuals to accept new job offers. Using an experimental factorial survey module (FSM) implemented in the fifth wave of a large population survey (Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security), the willingness of employed and unemployed labour market participants to accept new job offers was compared while considering job characteristics like gain of income or commuting distance. In this study, unemployed and employed individuals received the same set of hypothetical job offers. Consistent with theoretical arguments, the about 20,000 evaluations provided by about 4,000 respondents showed that unemployed participants generally exhibit a greater willingness to accept new job offers than employed ones. Moreover, unemployed individuals were likely to make more concessions than employed individuals with respect to job quality, such as accepting fixed-term job offers. Interestingly, little evidence for different decision-making or weightings of mobility costs was found, which enables us to conclude that interregional unemployment disparities can scarcely be explained by unemployed individuals lacking the willingness to work or relocate

Developmental Therapeutics Program at the Division of Cancer Treatment : a short description

In IDL-1633

International collaboration in drug discovery and development. The United States National Cancer Institute experience

A research paper on international collaboration in drug discovery and development.In 1937, the United States National Cancer Institute (NCI) was established with its mission being "to provide for, foster and aid in coordinating research related to cancer". The NCI is the largest of seventeen Institutes which comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which are components of the Federal Government's Department of Health and Human Services. The NCI and NIH are entirely funded through appropriations from the U.S. Congress and, as such, are entirely non-commercial and non-profit. Thus, while the NCI will attempt to license drugs discovered through its screening programs to pharmaceutical companies for advanced development and marketing, chemotherapeutic agents not licensed, but considered by NCI to be clinically effective, will be distributed by the NCI at no cost to the patients. An example is the antileukemic agent, Erwinia L-asparaginase, which was procured by the NCI and distributed free of charge until its production and marketing were transferred to the private sector. In 1955, NCI set up the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (CCNSC) to promote a cancer chemotherapy program, involving the procurement, screening, preclinical development, and clinical evaluation of new agents. All aspects of drug discovery and preclinical development are now the responsibility of the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP), a major component of the Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers (DCTDC). During the past 40 years, over 300,000 chemicals submitted by investigators and organizations worldwide, have been screened for antitumor activity, and NCI has played a major role in the discovery and development of almost all of the available commercial and investigational anticancer agents (Boyd 1993)