Supplementary analysis of nuclear waste management options

This report describes studies pertaining to long-term risks from the disposal of high-level nuclear waste in deep mined cavities. The results presented supplement peviously reported work. Previously studied scenarios are examined in greater depth, and the analysis is extended to deal with alternative fuel cycles

THE CIRCUITRY AND FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF INHIBITORY PROJECTIONS TO NEURONS SENSITIVE TO INTERAURAL INTENSITY DIFFERENCE IN THE INFERIOR COLLICULUS

No abstract availabl

Radiation hydrodynamics with backscatter and beam spray in gas filled hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility

Several experiments using either CO$_{2}$ or propane gas filled halfraums [i.e. hohlraums with a single laser entry hole (LEH)] have been shot at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in a joint Los Alamos/Livermore collaboration. The experiments have been modeled by the Lasnex code. The possibility of beam spray due to filamentation of the incident laser beam is assessed through simulations which parametrically decrease the f-number of the beam at times of high intensity. The uncertainty in heat transport is evaluated through parametric variations in the electron thermal flux limit (fe). Each calculation in the resulting two parameter set is post-processed to simulate outputs which can be compared with Dante detector results for the soft X-ray flux through the LEH, and gated, framed images of hard X-rays (FXI) through the hohlraum side walls. Simulations which well match the data for both gases indicate that the laser energy is penetrating the gas filled hohlraum even towards the end of the pulse. This suggests that the gas fill is useful in keeping the hohlraum open to laser energy throughout the pulse

Prey recognition and selection by the constant frequency bat, Pteronotus p. parnellii

In the laboratory the neotropical bat, Pteronotus p. parnellii of Jamaica W.I., will readily capture free flying and tethered insects. It will also attack a stationary mechanical insect model when its wing-like parts are rapidly moving. On the basis of our observations we conclude that: (1) P. parnellii are attracted to flying insects and recognition of these rather than background objects is dependent on insect wing movements. Insects which are not beating wings are relatively immune from predation. (2) The frequency of the wingbeats of the insects is important in prey recognition. P. parnellii are not attracted to insects or to mechanical models of insects when the wing movements are slow. (3) These bats are selective in the acquisition of their prey and not simply opportunistic. They ignore or reject lampyrid beetles, arctiid and ctenuchid moths and the geometrid moth, Thyrinteina arnobia. They consume a variety of other Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and insects from other orders. Their prey consists of both large and small insects. (4) In spite of the emission of intense sonar pulses with a constant frequency component of long duration, they can effectively hunt their prey in relatively confined spaces. They can chase their prey among simple arrays of obstacles and they can pursue insects to within several centimeters of large obstacles. (5) Evidence supports the hypothesis that the basis for insect wingbeat detection is the rapid and repetitive pattern of Doppler-shifts which the beating wings impose on the echoes of the constant frequency component of the bat\u27s pulses

Do Female Sex Offenders Receive Preferential Treatment in Criminal Charging and Sentencing?

Research suggests that sexual abuse by females is viewed as less harmful than male-perpetrated abuse, and that females are treated more leniently by the justice system. The authors tested two hypotheses: female sex offenders would receive shorter incarceration sentences than their male counterparts because of their gender (H1), and female sex offenders would be charged less harshly than male sex offenders because of their caretaking role with victims (H2). Little support for H1, and only partial support for H2, was found. Results showed that female sex offenders who victimized adolescents for whom they were not caretakers were charged less severely. Copyright © National Center for State Courts