Absorption cross-sections of atmospheric constituents: NO2, O2, and H2O

Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds, requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO2, O2 and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H2O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth's atmosphere. Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Modification of Sensitization Resistance of AISI 304L Stainless Steel through Changes in Grain Size and Grain Boundary Character Distributions

Sensitization behavior of thermomechanically processed AISI 304L stainless steel has been investigated. The mechanical processing was carried out at deformations of 30 to 90 pct (reduction in thickness), and annealed subsequently at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 950 °C for 15 to 60 minutes. Stainless steel was then sensitized at 675 °C both for short (2 hours) and long (53 hours) durations. Thus treated specimens were characterized for grain boundary character distribution, grain size, and degree of sensitization (DOS). The increase in annealing temperature and time following mechanical processing showed an increase in grain size (up to 37 μm) and in the DOS. The fraction of coincident site lattice (CSL) boundaries (Σ3 to Σ29) was also noticed to increase with the annealing temperature, which implied that an increasing fraction of low energy boundaries did not cause a decrease in the DOS. The grain size through its effect on grain boundary surface area and the effective grain boundary energy correlated well with the extent of sensitization. Grain growth reduces the grain boundary surface area and the effective grain boundary energy as well, which, in turn, enhanced the DOS. A critical grain size (∼0.05), above which, sensitization reduced to insignificant levels was observed