2,990 research outputs found
N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorates the inflammatory disease process in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats
We report that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment blocked induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and iNOS in the CNS and attenuated clinical disease in the myelin basic protein induced model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Infiltration of mononuclear cells into the CNS and induction of inflammatory cytokines and iNOS in multiple sclerosis (MS) and EAE have been implicated in subsequent disease progression and pathogenesis. To understand the mechanism of efficacy of NAC against EAE, we examined its effect on the production of cytokines and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS. NAC treatment attenuated the transmigration of mononuclear cells thereby lessening the neuroinflammatory disease. Splenocytes from NAC-treated EAE animals showed reduced IFN-γ production, a Th1 cytokine and increased IL-10 production, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Further, splenocytes from NAC-treated EAE animals also showed decreased nitrite production when stimulated in vitro by LPS. These observations indicate that NAC treatment may be of therapeutic value in MS against the inflammatory disease process associated with the infiltration of activated mononuclear cells into the CNS
Precision planar drift chambers and cradle for the TWIST muon decay spectrometer
To measure the muon decay parameters with high accuracy, we require an array
of precision drift detector layers whose relative position is known with very
high accuracy. This article describes the design, construction and performance
of these detectors in the TWIST (TRIUMF Weak Interaction Symmetry Test)
spectrometer.Comment: 44 pages, 16 Postscript figures, LaTeX2e, uses Elsevier class
elsart.cls, package graphicx, submitted to Nuclear Instruments & Methods in
Physics Researc
Cross section and analyzing power of pol{p}p -> pn pi+ near threshold
The cross section and analyzing power of the pol{p}p -> pn pi+ reaction near
threshold are estimated in terms of data obtained from the pol{p}p -> d pi+ and
pp -> pp pi0 reactions. A simple final state interaction theory is developed
which depends weakly upon the form of the pion-production operator and includes
some Coulomb corrections. Within the uncertainties of the model and the input
data, the approach reproduces well the measured energy dependence of the total
cross section and the proton analyzing power at a fixed pion c.m. angle of
90deg, from threshold to T_p = 330 MeV. The variation of the differential cross
section with pion angle is also very encouraging.Comment: 20 pages, Latex including 4 eps figure
Role of heavy-meson exchange in pion production near threshold
Recent calculations of -wave pion production have severely underestimated
the accurately known \ total cross section near
threshold. In these calculations, only the single-nucleon axial-charge operator
is considered. We have calculated, in addition to the one-body term, the
two-body contributions to this reaction that arise from the exchange of mesons.
We find that the inclusion of the scalar -meson exchange current (and
lesser contributions from other mesons) increases the cross section by about a
factor of five, and leads to excellent agreement with the data. The results are
neither very sensitive to changes in the distorting potential that generates
the wave function, nor to different choices for the meson-nucleon form
factors. We argue that \ data provide direct
experimental evidence for meson-exchange contributions to the axial current.Comment: 28 Pages, IU-NTC #93-0
SWiss Atorvastatin and Interferon Beta-1b Trial In Multiple Sclerosis (SWABIMS) - rationale, design and methodology
BACKGROUND: Statins have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to their lipid-lowering effects. Currently, the effects of statins on multiple sclerosis are still controversial. Therefore, randomized clinical trials are needed to provide better evidence on the therapeutic potential of statins in multiple sclerosis. The SWiss Atorvastatin and Interferon Beta-1b trial in Multiple Sclerosis (SWABIMS) evaluates the efficacy, safety and tolerability of atorvastatin 40 mg per os daily and subcutaneous interferon beta-1b every other day compared to monotherapy with subcutaneous interferon beta-1b every other day in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. METHODS/DESIGN: SWABIMS is a multi-centre, randomized, parallel-group, rater-blinded, Phase IIb-study conducted in eight hospitals in Switzerland. 80 treatment naïve patients with relapsing-remitting forms of multiple sclerosis will receive subcutaneous interferon beta-1b for three months. Afterwards, they are randomized into two equal-sized parallel arms, receiving atorvastatin 40 mg/d or not in addition to interferon beta-1b for another 12 months. Disease activity measured by the proportion of patients with new T2 lesions is the primary endpoint. DISCUSSION: SWABIMS is designed to give further information about the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin 40 mg per os daily as add-on therapy to interferon beta-1b in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Furthermore important safety and tolerability data will be generated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00942591; Swissmedic reference number: 2005DR2119
A search for two body muon decay signals
Lepton family number violation is tested by searching for
decays among the 5.8 positive muon decay events analyzed by the
TWIST collaboration. Limits are set on the production of both massless and
massive bosons. The large angular acceptance of this experiment allows
limits to be placed on anisotropic decays, which can arise
from interactions violating both lepton flavor and parity conservation.
Branching ratio limits of order are obtained for bosons with masses
of 13 - 80 MeV/c and with different decay asymmetries. For bosons with
masses less than 13 MeV/c the asymmetry dependence is much stronger and
the 90% limit on the branching ratio varies up to . This is
the first study that explicitly evaluates the limits for anisotropic two body
muon decays.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted by PR
Dependence of pp->pp pi0 near Threshold on the Spin of the Colliding Nucleons
A polarized internal atomic hydrogen target and a stored, polarized beam are
used to measure the spin-dependent total cross section Delta_sigma_T/sigma_tot,
as well as the polar integrals of the spin correlation coefficient combination
A_xx-A_yy, and the analyzing power A_y for pp-> pp pi0 at four bombarding
energies between 325 and 400 MeV. This experiment is made possible by the use
of a cooled beam in a storage ring. The polarization observables are used to
study the contribution from individual partial waves.Comment: 6 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, corrected equations 2 and
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