Interrelation between sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac nerves within ontogenesis

We have studied the formation of interrelation between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the heart in dogs and rats in ontogenesis during electrical stimulation of nerves. To achieve the tasks set we have carried out acute experiments on adult dogs and puppies of the first, second and third age groups using artificial respiration, as well as on intact and sympathectomized growing and adult rats with natural respiration. The basic principle of interrelation in adult animals is an intercompensatory principle against the activity of both parts of nervous system. Intercompensatory principle develops gradually as the influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows on the heart grows. With increasing activity of the sympathetic nervous system, the compensatory growing of influence of the parasympathetic outflow protects the heart from overloading. After sympathectomy, we revealed age-related features in the reaction of the heart to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. Sympathectomized rats had lesser stroke volume than intact rats, except for age of 14 days, which is compensated by higher heart rates. The obtained data on changes in heart rate and stroke volume in the right- and left-sided vagus nerve stimulation confirm that the intercompensation develops gradually in ontogenesis as one of the basic principles of interrelation between the influences of sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows on the heart in the active state

The impact of increased physical exertion on the state of adrenal cortex and pubertal development in boys

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. The study of the functional state of the adrenal cortex (AC) in young athletes aged 11 to 15 years, which was assessed by daily free (Cf) and bound (Cb) cortisol excretion levels, and the comparison of these levels with those of the boys from the control group made it possible to conclude that the increased physical exertion in the form of regular athletic training had a dominating effect on the age-related changes in the AC and pubertal development in the young athletes. It was found that the 12- to 14-year-old athletes had stably high Cf excretion levels, which were significantly decreased by the age of 15 years on the background of high Cb levels, as compared to the nonathletes, whose urinary cortisol levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and were progressively increased (p < 0.05) from 13 to 15 years of age. It was found that pubertal development (the development of secondary sex characteristics) was relatively delayed in the athletes, and pubertal changes in the glucocorticoid function of the AC reflected mainly its adaptive responses providing the increased resistance of the child’s body to increased physical exertion

Influence of the initial autonomic tone on the state of hemodynamics of primary schoolchildren

The functional state of the cardiovascular system and its reaction to local isometric exercise in seven- and eight-year-old children was studied with consideration for the initial tone of the autonomic nervous system. Using the methods of variational pulsometry and tetrapolar thoracic rheography, it was established that children with predominant sympathetic influences on the heart rate (67-56. 55% of the total number of those examined) had increased stroke and minute blood volumes against the background of relative tachycardia, compared with normo- and vagotonics. In sympathotonic boys, the leading component in the mechanism of urgent adaptation of the cardiovascular system to static exercise is spastic reactions of the vascular bed, which allow this contingent of schoolchildren to be identified as a group of children at high risk of autonomic dystonia with the hypertensive vascular syndrome. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Contractions of Rat Jejunum

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LLCWe studied the role of cyclic nucleotides in the influence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 200 μM), on motor activity of rat jejunum. NaHS reduced spontaneous and carbachol-induced contractions of rat jejunum segment, which suggests that H2S can act through mechanisms involving muscarinic receptor activation. Against the background of a membrane-penetrating non-hydrolyzable cAMP analogue or under conditions of adenylate cyclase blockade, the inhibitory effect of NaHS on the carbachol-induced contractions was maintained. Against the background of elevated cGMP concentration or guanylate cyclase inhibition, the reduction of carbachol-induced contractions upon exposure to NaHS was less pronounced than in control. It was hypothesized that H2S induces relaxation of carbachol-induced jejunum contractions, affecting protein kinase G targets or activating cGMP synthesis

Reaction of the adrenal cortex to graded exercise in children with different initial tonus of the autonomic nervous system

It was found that the response of the adrenal cortex to graded bicycle exercise in children depends on the initial autonomic tonus and is adequate to the background excretion level of hormone metabolites. Seven-year-old sympathotonic girls with increased excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids at rest demonstrated the lowest increase in this parameter after exercise in comparison with more pronounced increment in vagotonics with relative low initial level of glucocorticoid metabolites. Enhanced excretion of glucocorticoid metabolites with a decrease in androgens observed in 9-year-old sympathotonic girls attests to predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones and low efficiency of switching from muscle exercise to recovery in children. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Contractions of Rat Jejunum

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LLCWe studied the role of cyclic nucleotides in the influence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 200 μM), on motor activity of rat jejunum. NaHS reduced spontaneous and carbachol-induced contractions of rat jejunum segment, which suggests that H2S can act through mechanisms involving muscarinic receptor activation. Against the background of a membrane-penetrating non-hydrolyzable cAMP analogue or under conditions of adenylate cyclase blockade, the inhibitory effect of NaHS on the carbachol-induced contractions was maintained. Against the background of elevated cGMP concentration or guanylate cyclase inhibition, the reduction of carbachol-induced contractions upon exposure to NaHS was less pronounced than in control. It was hypothesized that H2S induces relaxation of carbachol-induced jejunum contractions, affecting protein kinase G targets or activating cGMP synthesis

Prenosological diagnosis as an improving element of the health care of working-age population

Studying red blood cells in the pathogenesis of tumor growth increasingly attracts attention due to the high biological activity. There is evidence of changes in red blood cells under the influence of negative production factors. The study applied screening tests for the presence of inter-erythrocyte lagoons and luminescent red blood cells. The object of the study were military servicemen engaged in the chemical weapons storage and destruction facilities. The objective of the study was to conduct analysis of the peripheral blood with the further development of preventive measures to reduce the risk of malignancies. The results of the study revealed the following trends: a risk group for the emergence of malignant tumors includes the retired and former military servicemen. The highest percentages of positive tests for the presence of inter-erythrocyte lagoons and luminescent red blood cells were observed in the contingent group (95.1% for each indicator). Analysis of the results by age and employment structure revealed a direct correlation - the older the age and the greater the working experience is, the higher the risk of cancer development is. The risk group includes persons over 70 years old (100% of positive results for the presence of lagoons and luminescent red blood cells). High percentages of positive tests are in working intervals of 30-39 years (71.6% for lagoons and 70.1% for luminescent red blood cells), 10-19 years (58.8% for lagoons and 70.6% for luminescent red blood cells), and 20-29 years (58.6% for lagoons and 69% for luminescent red blood cells)

Cytogenetic aspects of occupational carcinogenic hazard

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The effect of chemical factors of the production environment is studied with a wide range of test systems,among which the short-term tests with high sensitivity are in the foreground. We conducted a study to assess the cytogenetic status of servicemen. Micronucleus test was a convenient method of substance screening that can quickly determine the presence or absence of various compounds of cytogenetic nature. We have identified a relationship between exposure of occupational hazards and the level of micronuclei in human peripheral blood. Excess in number of micronuclei occurs at almost three times the rate in the retired servicemen. Indicator in this contingent group was 92.7%. Subject to the age,the risk group of the high chance of malignancy development is the people over age 70. 3N micronuclei level in this age group was found in 96.3%. 3N micronuclei level is found in 71.4% of representatives of the employment group of 3-9 years,while in the employment group of 30-39 years - only in 68.7%. Subject to the military force,the risk group of the high chance of malignancy development are missile,ground,and motorized rifle troops

Indicators of hormonal status of the military servicemen in the modern type of military technogenesis

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the testosterone level in the military servicemen. The work at the military enterprises is characterized by storage and disposal of chemical weapons and the presence of a number of harmful factors. The effect of carcinogens and reproductive hazards in the operation environment on the hormonal system changes the levels of hormones responsible for the reproductive function of the body. It is known that the reduction in the concentration of testosterone leads to male infertility, and its increase with age can trigger the development of prostate cancer. Testosterone indicators in our study were distributed subject to the contingent, age, length of service and a type of troops. Determination of hormone was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of blood. The study revealed hormonal disorders in all contingents examined. A high-risk group involves retired and former military servicemen (high levels of testosterone were found in 52.1% of the surveyed of this contingent), persons over 70 years old (high levels of testosterone were found in 61.5% of the surveyed in this age group), the workers with length of service of 30-39 years (high levels of testosterone were found in 55.2% of the surveyed with this length of service). Low levels of testosterone were found in private soldiers (3.6% of the surveyed of this contingent), in persons aged 18-29 years (3.3% of the surveyed in this age group), and in those with length of service of 1-2 years (3.6% of the surveyed with this length of service)

ГАЗОМЕДИАТОРЫ: ОТ ТОКСИЧЕСКИХ ЭФФЕКТОВ К РЕГУЛЯЦИИ КЛЕТОЧНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЮ В КЛИНИКЕ

Nitric oxide II (NO), carbon monoxide (СО) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for many decades were described as the toxic gases inducing damaging action in man’s organisms. Recently it was found that NO, CO and H2S endogenously synthesized and served as signaling molecules of autocrine and paracrine regulation in many systems. The properties, mechanisms of synthesis and action in excitable systems are presented in this paper. Besides we also descried our results concerning the effects and mechanisms of action of gaseous messengers in peripheral nervous system – in neuromuscular junction. В течение многих десятилетий оксид азота (II) (NO), монооксид углерода (СО) и сероводород (H2S) описывались как токсичные газы, оказывающие повреждающие эффекты на организм человека. Недавно было обнаружено, что NO, CO и H2S эндогенно синтезируются и являются сигнальными молекулами, выполняющими как аутокринную, так и паракринную регуляцию во многих системах организма. В настоящей статье представлены данные о свойствах, ферментах синтеза и механизмах действия газообразных посредников в возбудимых системах. Кроме того, описываются результаты собственных исследований по выявлению эффектов и механизмов действия NO, СО и H2S в периферической нервной системе – в области нервно-мышечного синапса