Clearing Up Mysteries - The Original Goal

: We show how the character of a scientific theory depends on one's attitude toward probability. Many circumstances seem mysterious or paradoxical to one who thinks that probabilities are real physical properties existing in Nature. But when we adopt the "Bayesian Inference" viewpoint of Harold Jeffreys, paradoxes often become simple platitudes and we have a more powerful tool for useful calculations. This is illustrated by three examples from widely different fields: diffusion in kinetic theory, the Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen (EPR) paradox in quantum theory, and the second law of thermodynamics in biology. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 2 THE MOTIVATION 2 DIFFUSION 3 DISCUSSION 6 THE MIND PROJECTION FALLACY 7 BACKGROUND OF EPR 7 CONFRONTATION OR RECONCILIATION? 8 EPR 9 THE BELL INEQUALITIES 10 BERNOULLI'S URN REVISITED 13 OTHER HIDDEN--VARIABLE THEORIES 14 THE SECOND LAW IN BIOLOGY 15 GENERALISED EFFICIENCY FORMULA 17 THE REASON FOR IT 18 QUANTITATIVE DERIVATION 20 A CHECK 23 CONCLUSION 24 REFER..