Pretreaments Used for Fruit Biomass Peel Residue to Yield Ethanol Production

The present study was carried out with the objective of determining the optimal pretreatment conditions for high efficiency ethanol production from the fruit biomass peel residue. The residue was subjected to alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatments and sulfuric acid pretreatments, followed by three weeks of fermentation using the Fusarium solani, the pre-treatment process effectively removed lignin. Ethanol production in the culture sample was monitored using high performance liquid chromatography. With Alkaline treatment 2% H2O2 at pH 13 soaked for 8hrs removed 45%, ethanol produced was found to be 115 mg/L. With Acid treatment 0.2mol/L H2SO4 fermenting for 15 days ethanol produced 12g/L of ethanol in 24hr. This preliminary study showed that ethanol production from fruit biomass peel residue is possible. A significant removal lignin from the fruit biomass peel residue, which resulted in higher production of ethanol, can be made from the fruit biomass peel residue. The fermentation system needs to be optimized further to scale up the process for large-scale production

Gestational hyperglycemia on diet and medication: impact on placental pathology and pregnancy outcomes

Background: To evaluate the placental morphology and perinatal outcome in patients with gestational hyperglycemia on diet and medication.Methods: Placental examinations performed at the Department of Pathology between August 2016 to August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the received 140 placentas, 35 of gestational diabetes (GDM) and pre gestational diabetes were identified and segregated into hyperglycemia on diet and on medication. The clinical details, placental findings and perinatal outcome of patients in both the groups (gestational hyperglycemia on diet and medication) were collected and analyzed.Results: Among the 35 cases, there were 24 cases of mild gestational hyperglycemia controlled with diet and 11 cases of hyperglycemia on medication (oral hypoglycemic drugs ± insulin).Most of the placentae in both the groups weighed less than tenth centile. The cord abnormalities such as hyper coiling, velamentous /marginal insertion and furcate cord were observed more in women with GDM on diet. There was no significant gross placental lesion in those on medication. Placental histological features most consistently associated with both the groups include, disturbances of villous maturation (DVM), Derangements in uteroplacental / foetoplacental circulation and villous capillary lesions. Small for gestational age and intrauterine foetal death were found in both the groups, but more commonly in patients with hyperglycemia on medication.Conclusions: Villous maturation defects, uteroplacental / foetoplacental malperfusion are the essential placental changes which can result in adverse perinatal outcomes in women with hyperglycemia irrespective of the diabetic control

Study on Performance, Strength and Durability Of Metallic And Non-Metallic Fibre Reinforced Concrete With Inclusion Of Waste Ceramic Aggregates – A Review

Every year, the world generates millions of tons of waste, much of which cannot be recycled due to the high energy consumption and pollution involved in the recycling process. Ceramic is increasingly used in modern construction, especially in the production of tiles, but the material's fragility causes significant waste during processing, transportation, and installation. Even recycling the waste ceramic for further processing is currently not feasible. However, by using waste ceramic as a material in concrete production in the right way, we can eliminate waste and improve the properties of concrete. As the sustainable or green concrete industry continues to expand, many metallic and non-metallic wastes are generated in each processing and usage stage. This review article examines the utilisation of alternative materials in concrete to find solutions for waste disposal and provides construction contractors and developers with a vast range of ideas to improve and adopt new construction methods. The paper also gives a brief review of the properties from concrete produced from waste ceramic can be utilised as replacement for coarse aggregates by metallic and non-metallic fibers, and the resulting hardened concrete properties are studied

Adjunct hexagonal array token Petri nets and hexagonal picture languages

Adjunct Hexagonal Array Token Petri Net Structures (AHPN) are re- cently introduced hexagonal picture generating devices which extended the Hexag- onal Array Token Petri Net Structures . In this paper we consider AHPN model along with a control feature called inhibitor arcs and compare it with some ex- pressive hexagonal picture generating and recognizing models with respect to the generating power

Privacy and Protection for Location Based Services

An LBS (location based service) provides services such as finding the nearest location, favourite entertainment areas etc, to the users based on either their residing area or based on the input the give. The services provided by a location based service are typically based on a point of interest database. Therefore retrieval of the data from the database server takes place. The work proposed is a novel protocol for location based queries that has major performance improvements, which is performed based on two stages- firstly, the user determining his/her location privately and secondly, the server protecting its data from unauthorized users for which they have not paid. This protocol enables security for the userrsquo;s details as well as protects the serverrsquo;s data. The user is protected because the server is unable to determine his/her location. In the same way, the serverrsquo;s data is protected as a Malicious user can only decrypt the part of data obtained to the user with the encryption key acquired in the previous phase, that is he/she cannot decrypt the remaining server data that they are not supposed to authorise. In other words, users can never get the data more than what they have paid for. A phase called oblivious transfer phase is present so as to ensure the privacy of the user and a phase called private information retrieval phase is carried out to protect serverrsquo;s data

Amniotic band syndrome at 14 weeks of gestation: a case report and literature review

Amniotic band syndrome comprises of a group of congenital anomalies involving the limbs, trunk, head and face characterised by asymmetry of involvement and varying severity. While mild variants have a good prognosis with normal life expectancy, severe cases may be incompatible with life. It is sporadic in occurrence with many theories postulated towards the pathogenesis. We report a case of amniotic band syndrome diagnosed at 14 weeks gestation in a 22 year old low risk primigravida-the foetus was seen as an amorphous mass with multiple anomalies, confirmed by autopsy. While early ultrasound helped detect lethal anomalies, correlation with autopsy provided an insight into possible disruptions in early foetal development leading to the various anomalies

Extraction, Characterization, and Molecular Weight Determination of Senna tora

The objective of the present work was extraction of polysaccharide from Senna tora L. seed and its characterization as a pharmaceutical excipient. Polysaccharide extraction was based on mechanical separation of the endosperm of seeds of Senna tora, water dissolution, centrifugation, and precipitation with acetone. Standard procedures were used to study the viscosity, micromeritic properties, and microbial bioburden. Accelerated stability study was carried out on isolated polysaccharide for six months at 40°C/75 RH as per ICH guidelines. The gum obtained from S. tora seeds was an amorphous free flowing odourless powder with dull brown colour (yield = 35% w/w). The bulk density, tapped density, and angle of repose data reveal that S. tora gum possesses good flow property. The intrinsic viscosity obtained was 1.568 dL/g. The average molecular weight of purified S. tora gum was found to be 198 kDa by intrinsic viscosity method. The results indicated that viscosity of gum solution increases with increase in temperature. FTIR study revealed the absence of degradation or decomposition of polysaccharide at accelerated stability conditions for six months. It has been concluded that extracted polysaccharide can be used as pharmaceutical excipient in terms of flow behavior, microbial properties, and stability

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of a novel polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin - nicotinamide induced diabetic wistar rats

Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing seven plants namely Cassia auriculata, Cassia fistula, Syzygium cumini, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Terminalia arjuna and Salacia reticulate in streptozotocin (STZ) - nicotinamide (NC) induced diabetic rats by administering oral doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Rats were fed with normal laboratory diet and induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg of STZ, and thereafter 120 mg/kg NC was injected after 15min. Diabetic rats were treated with formulation (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with ACCU CHEK glucometer. Glycosylated haemoglobin, total haemoglobin, lipid profiles, lipoproteins, hepatic marker enzymes activity were determined in normal and STZ- NC induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the PHF for 28 days. Histopathological changes in normal and diabetic rat pancreas organs were also observed after PHF treatment.The statistical analysis of results was carried out using one-way analysis (ANOVA) followed by post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) indicate significant decreased blood glucose level and significant improvement in body weight. PHF treated rats showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the level of HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT and ALP while a significant increment in the level of Hb, HDL cholesterol was observed. Furthermore, the PHF treated rats has a favourable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ-NC induced diabetes. Conclusion: These findings suggested the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of the PHF and thus help in preventing future complications of diabetes

Interhalogens as Oxidimetric Titrants: Part VI* - Oxidimetric Determinations with Bromine Monochloride

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Tuberculosis Medication Nonadherence—A Qualitative Case Study

India is grappling with the problem of controlling tuberculosis nearly for the past 50 years. The problem of nonadherence to treatment regimen has also worsened the situation of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in India. This article explores the factors behind nonadherence among erstwhile TB defaulters in a rural district in India. In-depth interviews with seven chronic defaulters and with healthcare professionals were conducted at a government-run Chest Clinic. In addition to in-depth interviews with defaulters and healthcare professionals, medical records and government orders related to TB control were examined extensively. Participants were also observed to understand their interaction with healthcare professionals and fellow patients, especially during drug delivery time. Qualitative content analysis is the most appropriate method to analyze the transcribed text and archival records. Qualitative content analysis brought out five major themes responsible for their past nonadherence behavior, namely, (a) Awareness about tuberculosis and treatment, (b) Symptom recognition and self-medication, (c) Family support, (d) Accessibility, and (e) Stigma. Findings are documented according to the major themes and documenting direct quotes from participants and with healthcare professionals wherever appropriate. This case study also provided context-specific recommendations to the healthcare professionals as regards the nonadherence behavior among TB patients. It is hoped these focused recommendations, albeit known to the healthcare professionals, would be extremely useful in making modifications to the existing program to tackle the nonadherence behavior