The generalized distance spectra of the M-join of graphs

In this paper, we obtain the generalized distance spectra of the graphs constructed by 19 unary and 21 binary graph operations of M-join type when the constituting graphs satisfy some conditions. Also, we deduce a result on the generalized distance spectrum of the double graph of a connected regular graph in the literature. As applications, we construct infinite families of generalized distance cospectral graphs. Also, we construct infinite families of distance (distance Laplacian, distance signless Laplacian) integral graphs

Optimal Control of Multiple Transmission of Water-Borne Diseases

A controlled SIWR model was considered which was an extension of the simple SIR model by adjoining a compartment () that tracks the pathogen concentration in the water. New infections arise both through exposure to contaminated water as well as by the classical SIR person-person transmission pathway. The controls represent an immune boosting and pathogen suppressing drugs. The objective function is based on a combination of minimizing the number of infected individuals and the cost of the drugs dose. The optimal control is obtained by solving the optimality system which was composed of four nonlinear ODEs with initial conditions and four nonlinear adjoint ODEs with transversality conditions. The results were analysed and interpreted numerically using MATLAB

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FROM INFECTED PLANT PARTS

Objective: The present study deals with the isolation and identification of phytopathogenic fungi. The fungal isolates were Alternaria spp (Tomato early blight), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt), Fusarium solani (daming off and root rot), Aspergillus flavus (Ear rot) and Collectotricumspp (Anthracnose).Methods: They were isolated from infected plant parts and were identified on the basis of colony morphology andlacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) stains were used to identifymicroscopic examination of spore structures. Pure cultures of the isolates were sub cultured and transferred onto differential media; potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar, czapek yeast extract agar and czapek dox agar for species identification using macro morphological characteristicsThe morphological characteristics of these fungal elements showed various kinds of spores have been identified up to genus/species level.Results: This study proves rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination.Conclusion: The fivefungus which were isolated from different plant parts were very effective in distruction of the plant and found that the producionwere reduced due to the infection. This rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination

Comparative Evaluation of Serum C-Reactive Protein and Complete Blood Count in Chronic Periodontitis Patients Before and After Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study is to compare and to evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on serum hs-CRP levels and blood parameters among patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients both males and females in age group of 25-65 yrs were recruited for the study. The study population was divided into three groups: Group I-Healthy controls (n=20), Group II-Patients with moderate periodontitis (n=20) and Group III-Patients with advanced periodontitis (n=20). Blood samples were collected to assess hs-CRP and CBC levels prior and after non surgical periodontal therapy along with periodontal parameters. RESULTS: The results were analyzed using t-test and one way ANOVA. The Group II (moderate periodontitis) and Group III (severe periodontitis) showed significant improvement of the clinical and hematological parameters; by statistically significant reduction in hs-CRP level, total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count and ESR level, with statistical significant improvement in total red blood cell count, hemoglobin and MCV values after I month of non surgical periodontal therapy. However, on comparison between two groups there was no significant difference after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that, there is a decrease in CRP levels and hematological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, which may possibly prevent the risk of future CVS events

Role of combined oral contraceptive pills as add back therapy in patients receiving GNRH analogue.

This was a randomised control trial involving 25 patients on GnRH analogue in a university hospital over period of six months. The patients were randomised into two groups, twelve patients were treated with GnRH analogue and low dose COCP (treatment group) as add back therapy and thirteen patients were treated with GnRH analogue alone (control group) for three months

E-super vertex magic labelling of graphs and some open problems

Let G be a finite graph with p vertices and q edges. A vertex magic total labelling is a bijection from the union of the vertex set and the edge set to the consecutive integers 1, 2, 3, . . . , p + q with the property that for every u in the vertex set, the sum of the label of u and the label of the edges incident with u is equal to k for some constant k. Such a labelling is E-super, if the labels of the edge set is the set {1, 2, 3, . . . , q }. A graph G is called E-super vertex magic, if it admits an E-super vertex magic labelling. In this paper, we establish an E-super vertex magic labelling of some classes of graphs and provide some open problems related to it

Nuchal translucency and pregnancy outcome.

This was a retrospective study done involving 434 patients in a university hospital over period of four years. First trimester ultrasonography were routinely offered for screening of nuchal translucency (NT) at 11 to 13+6 weeks. Morphology scan was performed at 18 to 22 weeks. Pregnancy was followed up till delivery and the information was obtained in all cases by a review of medical records

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA L. NUT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAY

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was carried out with the main objective of studying Terminalia catappa nut phyto-constituents through GC-MS/MS, aswell as its antibacterial, antifungal activities.Methods: The T. catappa nut collected was shade dried and extracted with ethanol, the obtained ethanol extract was used for the whole study- GCMS/MS, antimicrobial activity.Results: The results of GC-MS/MS showed 12 peaks. Among the 12 peaks obtained, the highest peak area percent of 48.58 for Propane, 1,1-diethoxyand24.36% for t-Butyl hydrogen phthalate followed by 3-Isopropoxy-1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5,5-tris (trimethylsiloxy) tetrasiloxane showing 12.80as peak area percent and all the other compound was found to be moderate in peak area percent which was in the range of 3.52-1.10 except β-l-Arabinopyranoside methyl, and Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, oct-3-en-2-yl ester as its peak area percent was very low showing 0.08 and 0.13. Theantibacterial activity was good with Escherichia coli when compared to Staphylococcus aureus likewise, the antifungal activity was good with Candidaalbicans on comparison with Aspergillus niger.Conclusion: The naturally occurring non –nutrient plant chemicals called as phytochemicals especially phenolics – a natural antioxidant containedin T. catappa nut would have contributed for its antibacterial, antifungal properties by interfering with the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membraneand destroying the enzymes required for cellular processes ensuring its therapeutic potential. The variation in therapeutic potential depends on thenutrient content of the soil and other climatic conditions. This confirms the need, validity for phytochemical characterization via analytical methods.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Analytical, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS, Terminalia sp