Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: a scoping review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rotavirus affects 95% of children worldwide by age 5 years and is the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea. The objective of this review was to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in the Western European pediatric population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A comprehensive literature search (1999-2010) was conducted in PubMed and other sources (CDC; WHO, others). Data on the epidemiology and burden of RVGE among children < 5 years-old in Western Europe --including hospital-acquired disease--were extracted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>76 studies from 16 countries were identified. The mean percentage of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases caused by rotavirus ranged from 25.3%-63.5% in children < 5 years of age, peaking during winter. Incidence rates of RVGE ranged from 1.33-4.96 cases/100 person- years. Hospitalization rates for RVGE ranged from 7% to 81% among infected children, depending on the country. Nosocomial RVGE accounted for 47%-69% of all hospital-acquired AGE and prolonged hospital stays by 4-12 days. Each year, RVGE incurred $0.54-$53.6 million in direct medical costs and $1.7-$22.4 million in indirect costs in the 16 countries studied. Full serotyping data was available for 8 countries. G1P[8], G2P[4], G9P[8], and G3P[8] were the most prevalent serotypes (cumulative frequency: 57.2%- 98.7%). Serotype distribution in nosocomial RVGE was similar.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms that RVGE is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and costs across Western Europe. A vaccine protecting against multiple serotypes may decrease the epidemiological and cost burden of RVGE in Western Europe.</p

Correlations between structural properties of Nb2O5-NaPO3-Na2B4O7 glasses and non-linear optical activities

no abstrac

Echange ionique entre une couche mince obtenue par procédé sol-gel et un bain de CuCl fondu

L'échange ionique entre une couche mince de verre obtenue par procédé sol-gel (déposée sur une lame de verre à vitre par la technique de dip-coating), et un bain de CuCl fondu à 525°C et sous atmosphère d'azote a été étudié pour trois séries de verres aluminosilicates SiO2-Al2O3-X2O (X = Na, K, Li). L'expérience montre l'existence des ions Cu + monovalents introduits dans le verre

Glass local structure and optical nonlinearities of oxide glasses

no abstrac

Spectroscopic investigations of Yb

Yb3+–Er3+–codoped phosphate glasses have been studied in the context of research for eye-safe laser source near 1540 nm, wavelength corresponding to the 4I13/2→4I15/2 Er3+– transition. Undoped and doped glasses of the composition La2O3–Li2O–P2O5 have been synthesised. Absorption from both the 2F7/2 Yb3+–ground state and the 4I15/2 Er3+–ground state, excited state absorption 4I13/2→4I9/2 Er3+–transition, emission spectra, decay time measurements and Raman scattering have been investigated by using laser spectroscopic techniques. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) for Er3+ have been calculated in order to determine the radiative lifetimes, the branching ratios of the transitions and the line strength of the excited state absorption 4I13/2→4I9/2. A thermal conductivity measurement has also been realised. In this paper, the Mayn spectroscopic properties of Yb3+–Er3+–codoped LaLiP4O12 will be discussed and compared with other Yb3+–Er3+–codoped phosphate glasses

Etude magnétique et par résonance Mössbauer de l'orthophosphate Na 3Fe2(PO4)3α et d'une phase vitreuse dérivée

A study of Na3Fe2(PO4)3α by magnetic susceptibility measurements and Môssbauer spectroscopy has shown antiferromagnetic ordering at 45.7 K with some weak ferromagnetism. A vitreous phase has been formed by quenching the molten material. The presence of both divalent and trivalent iron was detected. It has been established that this reduction of iron was necessary to the vitrification process. The magnetic structure of the glass has been discussed.L'étude magnétique et par résonance Mössbauer de Na3Fe 2(PO4)3α a permis de mettre en évidence un ordre antiferromagnétique à 45,7 K accompagné d'un faible ferromagnétisme. Une trempe après fusion conduit à une phase vitreuse. Son étude indique la présence simultanée de fer divalent et trivalent. Il a été établi que cette réduction du fer était indispensable pour que se produise le processus de vitrification. La structure magnétique du verre est discutée