Evidence for Hydrodynamic Evolution in Proton-Proton Scattering at LHC Energies

In $pp$ scattering at LHC energies, large numbers of elementary scatterings will contribute significantly, and the corresponding high multiplicity events will be of particular interest. Elementary scatterings are parton ladders, identified with color flux-tubes. In high multiplicity events, many of these flux tubes are produced in the same space region, creating high energy densities. We argue that there are good reasons to employ the successful procedure used for heavy ion collisions: matter is assumed to thermalizes quickly, such that the energy from the flux-tubes can be taken as initial condition for a hydrodynamic expansion. This scenario gets spectacular support from very recent results on Bose-Einstein correlations in $pp$ scattering at 900 GeV at LHC.Comment: 11 pages, 20 figure

New solutions of relativistic wave equations in magnetic fields and longitudinal fields

We demonstrate how one can describe explicitly the present arbitrariness in solutions of relativistic wave equations in external electromagnetic fields of special form. This arbitrariness is connected to the existence of a transformation, which reduces effectively the number of variables in the initial equations. Then we use the corresponding representations to construct new sets of exact solutions, which may have a physical interest. Namely, we present new sets of stationary and nonstationary solutions in magnetic field and in some superpositions of electric and magnetic fields.Comment: 25 pages, LaTex fil

Hydrokinetic predictions for femtoscopy scales in A+A collisions in the light of recent ALICE LHC results

A study of energy behavior of the pion spectra and interferometry scales is carried out for the top SPS, RHIC and for LHC energies within the hydrokinetic approach. The main mechanisms that lead to the paradoxical, at first sight, dependence of the interferometry scales with an energy growth, in particular, a decrease $R_{out}/R_{side}$ ratio, are exposed. The hydrokinetic predictions for the HBT radii at LHC energies are compared with the recent results of the ALICE experiment.Comment: Based on the talks given at the Sixth Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy, BITP, Kiev, September 14 - 18, 2010 and GSI/EMMI Seminar, January 14, 201

Open Problems on Central Simple Algebras

We provide a survey of past research and a list of open problems regarding central simple algebras and the Brauer group over a field, intended both for experts and for beginners.Comment: v2 has some small revisions to the text. Some items are re-numbered, compared to v

Feeding of the elliptic flow by hard partons

We propose that in nuclear collisions at the LHC the elliptic flow may get a contribution from leading hard and semihard partons which deposit energy and momentum into the hydrodynamic bulk medium. The crucial effect is that these partons induce wakes which interact and merge if they come together. The contribution to the integrated elliptic flow is estimated with the help of a toy model to about 25% of the observed value and shows strong event-by-event fluctuations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Fast hadron freeze-out generator, part II: noncentral collisions

The fast Monte Carlo procedure of hadron generation developed in our previous work is extended to describe noncentral collisions of nuclei. We consider different possibilities to introduce appropriate asymmetry of the freeze-out hyper-surface and flow velocity profile. For comparison with other models and experimental data we demonstrate the results based on the standard parametrizations of the hadron freeze-out hyper-surface and flow velocity profile assuming either a common chemical and thermal freeze-out or the chemically frozen evolution from chemical to thermal freeze-out. The C++ generator code is written under the ROOT framework and is available for public use at http://uhkm.jinr.ru/Comment: 27 pages including 7 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX package for publication in Physical Review

Thermal Dileptons at LHC

We predict dilepton invariant-mass spectra for central 5.5 ATeV Pb-Pb collisions at LHC. Hadronic emission in the low-mass region is calculated using in-medium spectral functions of light vector mesons within hadronic many-body theory. In the intermediate-mass region thermal radiation from the Quark-Gluon Plasma, evaluated perturbatively with hard-thermal loop corrections, takes over. An important source over the entire mass range are decays of correlated open-charm hadrons, rendering the nuclear modification of charm and bottom spectra a critical ingredient.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, contributed to Workshop on Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: Last Call for Predictions, Geneva, Switzerland, 14 May - 8 Jun 2007 v2: acknowledgment include

Varespladib and cardiovascular events in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: the VISTA-16 randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: Secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) generates bioactive phospholipid products implicated in atherosclerosis. The sPLA2inhibitor varespladib has favorable effects on lipid and inflammatory markers; however, its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of sPLA2inhibition with varespladib on cardiovascular outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial at 362 academic and community hospitals in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, India, and North America of 5145 patients randomized within 96 hours of presentation of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to either varespladib (n = 2572) or placebo (n = 2573) with enrollment between June 1, 2010, and March 7, 2012 (study termination on March 9, 2012). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive varespladib (500 mg) or placebo daily for 16 weeks, in addition to atorvastatin and other established therapies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary efficacy measurewas a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina with evidence of ischemia requiring hospitalization at 16 weeks. Six-month survival status was also evaluated. RESULTS: At a prespecified interim analysis, including 212 primary end point events, the independent data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial for futility and possible harm. The primary end point occurred in 136 patients (6.1%) treated with varespladib compared with 109 patients (5.1%) treated with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95%CI, 0.97-1.61; log-rank P = .08). Varespladib was associated with a greater risk of MI (78 [3.4%] vs 47 [2.2%]; HR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.16-2.39; log-rank P = .005). The composite secondary end point of cardiovascular mortality, MI, and stroke was observed in 107 patients (4.6%) in the varespladib group and 79 patients (3.8%) in the placebo group (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with recent ACS, varespladib did not reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and significantly increased the risk of MI. The sPLA2inhibition with varespladib may be harmful and is not a useful strategy to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes after ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130246. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Результаты модульного эндопротезирования параацетабулярной области при опухолевом поражении вертлужной впадины и тазобедренного сустава

Introduction. surgical treatment of patients with pelvic bone tumors, in particular periacetabular tumors, remains challenging. There are many different reconstruction options after resection of these tumors. These include allo- and autografts, megaprosthesis, saddle endoprosthesis, custom-made endoprosthesis, 3D printing endoprosthesis, and femur transposition with the formation of neo-arthrosis. However, all of them are characterized by technical complexity and high risk of postoperative complications. There is still no standard procedure for reconstruction after resection of malignant periacetabular tumors. To date, modular endoprosthesis is a well-established reconstructive device in orthopaedic oncology to manage wide bone resections. Modular systems provide patient-specific endoprostheses that could be modified during surgery. In this article, we present the results of modular acetabular endoprostheses in the treatment of patients with periacetabular tumors.Material and Methods. From 2011 to 2018, 30 patients underwent modular endoprosthetic reconstruction after periacetabular resection. There were 13 (43 %) male and 17 (57 %) female patients aged from 23 to 63 years (median age 45 years). Primary malignant bone tumors were detected in 19 (63 %) patients, giant cell tumor in 5 (17 %), local soft tissue sarcoma in 1 (3 %), solitary metastases of kidney cancer in 2 (7 %) and recurrent sarcoma after previous surgical treatment in 3 (10 %) patients.Results. The average duration of surgery was 310 minutes (range: 145-520 minutes), blood loss was 5520 ml (range: 600-20000 ml). The median follow-up time was 36 months. Histological examination revealed a positive resection margin in 3 (10 %) patients. At a follow-up from 6 to 40 months, disease progression was detected in 10 (33 %) patients. Eight (27 %) patients died on disease progression. Complications of various types were diagnosed in 11 (37 %) patients. Infectious complications were the most common (30 % of patients). The average value of the functional assessment by the MSTS scale was 59 % (15-82%).Conclusion. Modular endoprosthetic replacement for tumors of the acetabulum and hip joint is a promising surgical technique allowing adequate functional results to be achieved.Введение. Хирургическое лечение больных с опухолевым поражением костей таза, в частности параацетабулярной области, является одним из наиболее сложных разделов современной онкоортопедии. Существуют различные методики реконструкции вертлужной впадины: при помощи алло- и аутографтов, мегаэндопротезов, седловидных эндопротезов, индивидуальных эндопротезов, 3Б-принтинга и транспозиции бедренной кости с формированием неоартроза. Однако все они характеризуются технической сложностью выполнения, достаточным риском развития послеоперационных осложнений. Вследствие этого универсальной методики, удовлетворяющей всем поставленным задачам, не существует. Одним из наиболее современных методов реконструкции костей таза является использование модульных эндопротезов на основе конической ножки, преимуществом которых является возможность интра-операционно смоделировать эндопротез, наиболее полно удовлетворяющий конкретной клинической ситуации. В статье представлены результаты использования модульных эндопротезов вертлужной впадины при лечении пациентов с опухолевым поражением параацетабулярной области.Материал и методы. В период с 2011 по 2018 г хирургическое лечение в объеме параацетабулярной резекции с реконструкцией модульным эндопротезом выполнено 30 больным, из них мужчин - 13 (43 %), женщин - 17 (57 %). Средний возраст - 45 лет (23-63 года). Первичные злокачественные опухоли костей были у 19 (63 %) больных, гигантоклеточная опухоль - у 5 (17 %), местнораспространенная саркома мягких тканей - у 1 (3 %), солитарные метастазы рака почки - у 2 (7 %), рецидивы сарком хирургического лечения - у 3 (10 %) пациентов. Результаты. Средняя продолжительность операции - 310 мин (145-520 мин), средний объем интраоперационной кровопотери - 5 520 мл (600-20 000 мл). Положительный край резекции по результатам планового морфологического исследования выявлен у 3 (10 %) больных. Средний срок наблюдения составил 36 мес (4-73 мес). Прогрессирование в сроки от 6 до 40 мес выявлено у 10 (33 %) больных, из них умерло 8 (27 %) пациентов. Осложнения разного типа диагностированы у 11 (37 %) больных, среди которых преобладали инфекционные процессы - 9 (30 %). Среднее значение функционального результата по шкале MSTS составило 59 % (15-82 %).Заключение. Применение модульных систем эндопротезирования вертлужной впадины и тазобедренного сустава при опухолевом поражении является перспективной хирургической методикой, позволяющей добиться адекватных функциональных результатов при сравнимом количестве послеоперационных осложнений

Physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a collaborative international guideline

Background: Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as effective interventions for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but there are no international guidelines. Objectives: To create a set of evidence- and expert consensus-based prevention and management recommendations regarding physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure) and exercise (a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive), applicable to a range of individuals from healthy older adults to those with MCI/dementia. Methods: Guideline content was developed with input from several scientific and lay representatives’ societies. A systematic search across multidisciplinary databases was carried out until October 2021. Recommendations for prevention and management were developed according to the GRADE and complemented by consensus statements from the expert panels. Recommendations: Physical activity may be considered for the primary prevention of dementia. In people with MCI there is continued uncertainty about the role of physical activity in slowing the conversion to dementia. Mind–body interventions have the greatest supporting evidence. In people with moderate dementia, exercise may be used for maintaining disability and cognition. All these recommendations were based on a very low/low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: Although the scientific evidence on the beneficial role of physical activity and exercise in preserving cognitive functions in subjects with normal cognition, MCI or dementia is inconclusive, this panel, composed of scientific societies and other stakeholders, recommends their implementation based on their beneficial effects on almost all facets of health