Results from the 4PI Effective Action in 2- and 3-dimensions

We consider a symmetric scalar theory with quartic coupling and solve the equations of motion from the 4PI effective action in 2- and 3-dimensions using an iterative numerical lattice method. For coupling less than 10 (in dimensionless units) good convergence is obtained in less than 10 iterations. We use lattice size up to 16 in 2-dimensions and 10 in 3-dimensions and demonstrate the convergence of the results with increasing lattice size. The self-consistent solutions for the 2-point and 4-point functions agree well with the perturbative ones when the coupling is small and deviate when the coupling is large.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures; v5: added numerical calculations in 3D; version accepted for publication in EPJ

Detection of cavities by a continuous-wave seismic method

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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking for Scalar QED with Non-minimal Chern-Simons Coupling

We investigate the two-loop effective potential for both minimally and non-minimally coupled Maxwell-Chern-Simons theories. The non-minimal gauge interaction represents the magnetic moment interaction between a charged scalar and the electromagnetic field. In a previous paper we have shown that the two loop effective potential for this model is renormalizable with an appropriate choice of the non-minimal coupling constant. We carry out a detailed analysis of the spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by radiative corrections. As long as the renormalization point for all couplings is chosen to be the true minimum of the effective potential, both models predict the presence of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Two loop corrections are small compared to the one loop result, and thus the symmetry breaking is perturbatively stable.Comment: Revtex 25 pages, 9 figure

Deterrence, Death, and the Victims of Crime: A Common Sense Approach

The concept of deterrence is one of the most important in the formulations of the victim advocate, primarily because of two essential premises that underlie the entire field of victim advocacy.The first, but not necessarily the most important, of these premises concerns the policy that favors assuaging the plight of persons after they have been victimized. This relief can be provided in a number of different ways: compensation to innocent victims from the states; restitution to victims as a condition of granting probation to the criminal; victim counselling; and victim/witness assistance programs.\u27 The second premise of victim advocacy, namely,preventing victimization from ever occurring, is also of critical importance because, obviously, in each instance in which a given act of victimization is prevented, the palliative measures described above will not be necessary. This preventive goal can be effectuated through two types of activity. First, victim advocates often engage in activity that encourages and assists the potential victim of crime to help himself in programs such as neighborhood watch, inscription of identifying serial numbers on personal property, and other citizen crime prevention programs. The second type of activity, with which this Article primarily deals, entails efforts by victim advocates to structure the system to deter would-be criminals from engaging in acts of victimization. It also requires efforts to deter third parties--for example, parole officials, whose duties include making decisions that may place dangerous criminals in a position to victimize again--from acting to the detriment of potential victims. In sum, the notion of deterrence has assumed critical dimensions in the area of victim advocacy and assistance. Part II of this Article deals with deterrence generally as a common sense concept and emphasizes the potential impact that different attitudes to-ward this concept have on crime victims. Part III then focuses on particular aspects of deterrence in the capital punishment controversy-again by emphasizing the effect on victims. The final part of the Article explores a rather new area of the law that applies the concept of deterrence-by threatening civil liability for gross negligence in the handling and release of prisoners--to third party custodial officials in an attempt to prevent future victimization. The Article concludes that a common sense approach to the question of deterrence, rather than one which is based on delaying any decision until all the empirical evidence is compiled, is necessary to combat the serious crime problem that now faces the country

The Impact Of The Principles Of Accounting Experience On Student Preparation For Intermediate Accounting

Both students and instructors alike will generally agree that intermediate accounting courses are among the most difficult and demanding in an accounting or finance curriculum, and perhaps even on the college campus. Intermediate accounting contains subject matter which requires a higher level of thinking and a greater ability to process prior knowledge than do most other courses the student has been exposed to. Intermediate accounting is also very important for accounting majors as it serves as the basis for much of their future accounting coursework. Obviously, it is of paramount importance that students enter Intermediate Accounting I properly prepared for the course. This research examines the preparation level of Intermediate I students. In particular, this study investigates whether three specific factors relating to the principles of accounting course affect a student’s preparation for intermediate accounting. The three factors are: the grade earned in the principles of accounting course, the type of school where the principles of accounting course was taken, and the amount of time that elapsed between the principles course and the intermediate course. This research differs from prior research in this area in that prior research focused on factors affecting performance in intermediate and the current research focus is on preparation for the course. Results of this research include the finding that preparation for intermediate accounting is associated with both the grade earned in principles and the amount of time that elapses between principles and intermediate. While no association is found between the type of school where principles is taken and the level of preparation for intermediate, the results indicate that students who take principles of accounting at a 2-year school are more likely to delay taking intermediate accounting. It appears that students who take principles of accounting at a 2-year school may be less prepared for intermediate, not because of the2-year school per se, but rather because of the associated delay in taking intermediate accounting. These results should be of interest to advisors of future accounting and finance majors, instructors teaching intermediate accounting as well as to individual students planning the timing of their coursework