295 research outputs found

    A Study of Ethylene in Apple, Red Raspberry, and Cherry

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    Unitary ambiguity in the extraction of the E2/M1 ratio for the γN↔Δ\gamma N\leftrightarrow\Delta transition

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    The resonant electric quadrupole amplitude in the transition γN↔Δ(1232)\gamma N\leftrightarrow\Delta(1232) is of great interest for the understanding of baryon structure. Various dynamical models have been developed to extract it from the corresponding photoproduction multipole of pions on nucleons. It is shown that once such a model is specified, a whole class of unitarily equivalent models can be constructed, all of them providing exactly the same fit to the experimental data. However, they may predict quite different resonant amplitudes. Therefore, the extraction of the E2/M1(γN↔Δ\gamma N\leftrightarrow\Delta) ratio (bare or dressed) which is based on a dynamical model using a largely phenomenological πN\pi N interaction is not unique.Comment: 10 pages revtex including 4 postscript figure

    Effective theory of the Delta(1232) in Compton scattering off the nucleon

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    We formulate a new power-counting scheme for a chiral effective field theory of nucleons, pions, and Deltas. This extends chiral perturbation theory into the Delta-resonance region. We calculate nucleon Compton scattering up to next-to-leading order in this theory. The resultant description of existing γ\gammap cross section data is very good for photon energies up to about 300 MeV. We also find reasonable numbers for the spin-independent polarizabilities αp\alpha_p and βp\beta_p.Comment: 29 pp, 9 figs. Minor revisions. To be published in PR

    Problems with Extraction of the Nucleon to Delta(1232) Photonic Amplitudes

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    We investigate the model dependence and the importance of choice of database in extracting the {\it physical} nucleon-Delta(1232) electromagnetic transition amplitudes, of interest to QCD and baryon structure, from the pion photoproduction observables. The model dependence is found to be much smaller than the range of values obtained when different datasets are fitted. In addition, some inconsistencies in the current database are discovered, and their affect on the extracted transition amplitudes is discussed.Comment: Revtex, 2 figs., submitted to PR

    Low-energy Compton scattering on the nucleon and sum rules

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    The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn and Baldin-Lapidus sum rules are evaluated in the dressed K-matrix model for photon-induced reactions on the nucleon. For the first time the sum α+β\alpha+\beta of the electric and magnetic polarisabilities and the forward spin polarisability γ0\gamma_0 are explicitly calculated in two alternative ways -- from the sum rules and from the low-energy expansion of the real Compton scattering amplitude -- within the {\em same} framework. The two methods yield compatible values for α+β\alpha+\beta but differ somewhat for γ0\gamma_0. Consistency between the two ways of determining the polarisabilities is a measure of the extent to which basic symmetries of the model are obeyed.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, using REVTeX. More concise version, results unchanged. To appear in Phys. Rev.

    Intrinsic quadrupole moment of the nucleon

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    We address the question of the intrinsic quadrupole moment Q_0 of the nucleon in various models. All models give a positive intrinsic quadrupole moment for the proton. This corresponds to a prolate deformation. We also calculate the intrinsic quadrupole moment of the Delta(1232). All our models lead to a negative intrinsic quadrupole moment of the Delta corresponding to an oblate deformation.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

    On the extraction of electromagnetic properties of the Delta(1232) excitation from pion photoproduction

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    Several methods for the treatment of pion photoproduction in the region of the Delta(1232) resonance are discussed, in particular the effective Lagrangian approach and the speed plot analysis are compared to a dynamical treatment. As a main topic, we discuss the extraction of the genuine resonance parts of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole multipoles of the electromagnetic excitation of the resonance. To this end, we try to relate the various values for the ratio R_{EM} of the E2 to M1 multipole excitation strengths for the Delta(1232) resonance as extracted by the different methods to corresponding ratios of a dynamical model. Moreover, it is confirmed that all methods for extracting resonance properties suffer from an unitary ambiguity which is due to some phenomenological contributions entering the models.Comment: 22 pages revtex including 7 postscript figure

    Baryon Charge Radii and Quadrupole Moments in the 1/N_c Expansion: The 3-Flavor Case

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    We develop a straightforward method to compute charge radii and quadrupole moments for baryons both with and without strangeness, when the number of QCD color charges is N_c. The minimal assumption of the single-photon exchange ansatz implies that only two operators are required to describe these baryon observables. Our results are presented so that SU(3) flavor and isospin symmetry breaking can be introduced according to any desired specification, although we also present results obtained from two patterns suggested by the quark model with gluon exchange interactions. The method also permits to extract a number of model-independent relations; a sample is r^2_Lambda / r_n^2 = 3/(N_c+3), independent of SU(3) symmetry breaking.Comment: 30 pages, no figures, REVTeX

    Field theory of nucleon to higher-spin baryon transitions

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    We discuss the nucleon to higher-spin NN- and Δ\Delta-resonance transitions by pions and photons. The higher-spin baryons are described by Rarita-Schwinger fields and, as we argue, this imposes a stringent consistency requirement on the form of the couplings. Popular πNΔ\pi N\Delta and γNΔ\gamma N\Delta couplings are inconsistent from this point of view. We construct examples of consistent interactions with the same nonrelativistic limit as the conventional ones.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, 1 PostScript figure; published versio

    Dispersion Effects in Nucleon Polarisabilities

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    We present a formalism to extract the dynamical nucleon polarisabilities defined via a multipole expansion of the structure amplitudes in nucleon Compton scattering. In contradistinction to the static polarisabilities, dynamical polarisabilities gauge the response of the internal degrees of freedom of a composed object to an external, real photon field of arbitrary energy. Being energy dependent, they therefore contain additional information about dispersive effects induced by internal relaxation mechanisms, baryonic resonances and meson production thresholds of the nucleon. We give explicit formulae to extract the dynamical electric and magnetic dipole as well as quadrupole polarisabilities from low energy nucleon Compton scattering up to the one pion production threshold and discuss the connection to the definition of static nucleon polarisabilities. As a concrete example, we examine the results of leading order Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory for the four leading spin independent iso-scalar polarisabilities of the nucleon. Finally, we consider the possible r{\^o}le of energy dependent effects in low energy extractions of the iso-scalar dipole polarisabilities from Compton scattering on the deuteron.Comment: 17 pages LaTeX2e with 2 figures, using includegraphicx (5 .eps files). Minor corrections, references updated. Contents identical to version to appear in Phys. Rev. C 65, spelling differen
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