Application f ionized reactive oxygen species for desinfection of carcasses, table eggs and fertile eggs

Primary Audience: Processing Plant Managers, Hatchery Managers SUMMARY We evaluated the effect of ionized reactive oxygen species created using Binary Ionization Technology (BIT) for disinfection of broiler carcasses, table eggs, and treatment of fertile eggs. Previous research has indicated that BIT creates a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lyse bacterial cells on contact. Application of BIT to broiler carcasses that had been intentionally inoculated with 1.58 × 10 6 Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE) caused a 1 to 3 log reduction in recoverable SE, depending on the duration of the treatment. Additionally, after inoculation of table eggs with 6.8 × 10 8 cfu of SE, we recovered SE from 95% fewer eggs following enrichment and found significantly fewer (7.77 and 7.41 log reduction) colony-forming units recovered from eggs treated with BIT compared with nontreated control eggs. We also evaluated whether application of the BIT treatment had any effect on hatchability of broiler breeder eggs to determine whether use of this technology could be feasible in a hatchery environment for disinfection of eggs. There were no significant effects of BIT on the hatchability (of total set) of treated eggs as compared with nontreated control eggs; however, there was a slight numerical increase in hatchability, between 5 and 10% in 2 trials. These data suggest that application of BIT technology to carcasses and table eggs could reduce contamination with pathogens and that the application to fertile eggs may not have effects on hatchability of eggs set

Evaluation of respiratory route as a viable portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry

Gopala Kallapura,1 Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco,2 Neil R Pumford,1 Lisa R Bielke,1 Billy M Hargis,1 Guillermo Tellez1 1Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; 2College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico Abstract: With increasing reports of Salmonella infection, we are forced to question whether the fecal–oral route is the major route of infection and consider the possibility that airborne Salmonella infections might have a major unappreciated role. Today's large-scale poultry production, with densely stocked and enclosed production buildings, is often accompanied by very high concentrations of airborne microorganisms. Considering that the upper and lower respiratory lymphoid tissue requires up to 6 weeks to be fully developed, these immune structures seem to have a very minor role in preventing pathogen infection. In addition, the avian respiratory system in commercial poultry has anatomic and physiologic properties that present no challenge to the highly adapted Salmonella. The present review evaluates the hypothesis that transmission by the fecal–respiratory route may theoretically be a viable portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry. First, we update the current knowledge on generation of Salmonella bioaerosols, and the transport and fate of Salmonella at various stages of commercial poultry production. Further, emphasis is placed on survivability of Salmonella in these bioaerosols, as a means to assess the transport and subsequent risk of exposure and infection of poultry. Additionally, the main anatomic structures, physiologic functions, and immunologic defense in the avian respiratory system are discussed to understand the potential entry points inherent in each component that could potentially lead to infection and subsequent systemic infection of poultry by Salmonella. In this context, we also evaluate the role of the mucosal immune system as essentially one large interconnected network that shares information distally, since understanding of this sort of communication between mucosal sites is fundamental to establish the next phase of disease characterization, and perhaps immunization and vaccine development. Further characterization of the respiratory tract with regard to transmission of Salmonella under field conditions may be of critical importance in developing interventional strategies to reduce transmission of this important zoonotic pathogen in poultry. Keywords: Salmonella, respiratory route, portal of entry, systemic disseminatio

Entwicklung und Erprobung von Verfahren zur quantitativen Diagnostik bei der NMR-Tomographie Schlussbericht

Based on tissue-parameters T1, T2 and RHO, MRI delivers diagnostic images with high soft tissue contrast, which can be manipulated according to specific needs by using different pulse sequences. The aim of this project was to find out, whether and how it's possible to quantify these parameters and how to extract and diagnostically use quantitative information out of MR-Images. We therefore had to develop special measurement tools, a classification and management system as well as a specific expert system for brain lesions, based on a new form of knowledge representation (Phenomenological Network). To check the quality of the measurements, and to prove the portability to other systems, additional work in the area of quality control had been performed. The results of the clincial evaluation showed that quantitative parameters can be used in specific areas (i.e. therapy control, Grave's disease). Because of the overlapping of tissue parameters and great differences in the accuracy of the machines together with field strength dependent effects, an ''automatic diagnosis'' does not seem realistic for the near future. Good results could be shown by using semiquantitative morphological parameters with the expert system for brain lesions. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F93B1054 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Klinische Erprobung und Abklaerung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der Kernspintomographie Schlussbericht

With 134 refs., 17 tabs., 86 figs.SIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman