1 research outputs found
Thermal Oxidation of Tail Gases from the Production of Oil-furnace Carbon Black
U radu je prikazana tehnologija proizvodnje uljno-peÄne ÄaÄe i odabrano tehnoloÅ”ko rjeÅ”enje u funkciji zaÅ”tite zraka.
Prilikom industrijskog procesa proizvodnje uljno-peÄne ÄaÄe osim glavnog proizvoda, kao sporedni proizvodi nastaju i otpadni procesni plinovi. Otpadni procesni plinovi nastali prilikom industrijskog procesa proizvodnje uljno-peÄne ÄaÄe po kvalitativnom sastavu sastoje se od: ugljikovog (IV) oksida, ugljikovog(II) oksida, vodika, metana, sumporovodika, duÅ”ika, kisika i vodene pare.
Ovisno o vrsti uljne sirovine za proizvodnju te samom proizvodnom tipu uljno peÄne-ÄaÄe mijenja se kvantitativan sastav i donja kaloriÄna vrijednost otpadnih procesnih plinova. Donja kaloriÄna vrijednost otpadnih procesnih plinova relativno je mala i nalazi se u podruÄju od 1500 do 2300 kJ mā3.
U konvencionalnom procesu proizvodnje uljno-peÄne ÄaÄe proÄiÅ”Äeni otpadni procesni plinovi od Äestica ÄaÄe ispuÅ”taju se u atmosferu bez ikakve dodatne obrade. Na taj naÄin otpadni procesni plinovi zagaÄuju atmosferu, jer njihove kvantitativne vrijednosti viÅ”estruko premaÅ”uju dopuÅ”tene granice emisije za sumporovodik i ugljikov(II) oksid, Äime se znatno naruÅ”ava kvaliteta lokalnog zraka grada Kutine. LogiÄno tehnoloÅ”ko rjeÅ”enje sprjeÄavanja zagaÄivanja zraka je spaljivanje otpadnih procesnih plinova, odnosno njihova termalna oksidacija. Kao sredstvo za termalnu oksidaciju otpadnih procesnih plinova odabrana je posebno dizajnirana izvedba baklje.
Sustav baklje dizajniran je tako da omoguÄuje termalnu oksidaciju otpadnih procesnih plinova male kaloriÄne vrijednosti s 99%-tnom djelotvornoÅ”Äu uz minimalnu potroÅ”nju prirodnog plina potrebnog za oksidaciju. Na taj naÄin se Å”tetne i zapaljive komponente (sumporovodik, vodik, ugljikov (II) oksid te metan i ostali ugljikovodici u tragovima) prevode u kvalitativno-kvantitativan
ekoloÅ”ki prihvatljivij sastav otpadnih procesnih plinova (sumporov(IV) oksid, vodena para, ugljikov (IV) oksid, duÅ”ikov(IV) oksid), koji udovoljavaju propisanim graniÄnim vrijednostima emisije i kakvoÄe zraka (Uredbe NN 133/2005. i NN 21/2007.)
Ispravnim tehnoloÅ”kim radom sustava baklji u industrijskom postrojenju proizvodnje uljno-peÄne ÄaÄe ostvareno je rjeÅ”avanje problema oneÄiÅ”Äavanja zraka grada Kutine, posebno prizemnih masenih koncentracija sumporovodika. Usporedo s razvojem sustava baklji uspostavlja se i sustav kontinuiranog praÄenja oneÄiÅ”ÄujuÄih tvari u zrak (sumporovodik i ugljikov(II) oksid) te njegovo povezivanje s Agencijom za zaÅ”titu okoliÅ”a.This paper describes the production technology of oil-furnace carbon black, as well as the selected solution for preventing the emissions of this process from contaminating the environment.
The products of industrial oil-furnace carbon black production are different grades of carbon black and process tail gases. The qualitative composition of these tail gases during the production of oil-furnace carbon black are: carbon(IV) oxide, carbon(II) oxide, hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor.
The quantitative composition and lower caloric value of process tail gases change depending on the type of feedstock used in the production, as well as the type of process. The lower caloric value of process tail gases is relatively small with values ranging between 1500 and 2300 kJ mā3.
In the conventional production of oil-furnace carbon black, process tail gases purified from carbon black dust are freely released into the atmosphere untreated. In this manner, the process tail gases pollute the air in the town of Kutina, because their quantitative values are much higher than the prescribed emissions limits for hydrogen sulfide and carbon(II) oxide. A logical solution for the prevention of such air pollution is combustion of the process tail gases, i. e. their thermal oxidation. For this purpose, a specially designed flare system has been developed. Consuming minimum amounts of natural gas needed for oxidation, the flare system is designed to combust low caloric process tail gases with 99 % efficiency. Thus, the toxic and flammable components of the tail gases (hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, carbon(II) oxide, methane and other trace hydrocarbons) would be transformed into environmentally acceptable components (sulfur(IV) oxide, water, carbon(IV) oxide and nitrogen(IV) oxide), which are in compliance with the emissions limit values prescribed by law.
Proper operation of this flare system in the production of oil-furnace carbon black would solve the air pollution problem in the town of Kutina, especially the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the troposphere. Together with the development of this flare system, a continuous air-pollutant (hydrogen sulfide and carbon(II) oxide) monitoring system shall be established and linked with the Environmental Protection Agency