Comment on "Does Gluons Carry Half of the Nucleon Momentum?" by X. S. Chen et. al. (PRL103, 062001 (2009))

The authors claim to have found a "proper", "gauge-invariant" definition of a charged-particle's momentum in gauge theory, which is more "superior" than the textbook version. I show that their result arises from a misunderstanding of gauge symmetry by generalizing the Coulomb gauge result indiscriminately and is not physical

Dilepton production near partonic threshold in transversely polarized proton-antiproton collisions

It has recently been suggested that collisions of transversely polarized protons and antiprotons at the GSI could be used to determine the nucleon's transversity densities from measurements of the double-spin asymmetry for the Drell-Yan process. We analyze the role of higher-order perturbative QCD corrections in this kinematic regime, in terms of the available fixed-order contributions as well as of all-order soft-gluon resummations. We find that the combined perturbative corrections to the individual unpolarized and transversely polarized cross sections are large. We trace these large enhancements to soft gluon emission near partonic threshold, and we suggest that with a physically-motivated cut-off enhancements beyond lowest order are moderated relative to resummed perturbation theory, but still significant. The unpolarized dilepton cross section for the GSI kinematics may therefore provide information on the relation of perturbative and nonperturbative dynamics in hadronic scattering. The spin asymmetry turns out to be rather robust, relatively insensitive to higher orders, resummation, and the cut-offs.Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures as eps. Some discussion and references added. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

All-order results for soft and collinear gluons

I briefly review some general features and some recent developments concerning the resummation of long-distance singularities in QCD and in more general non-abelian gauge theories. I emphasize the field-theoretical tools of the trade, and focus mostly on the exponentiation of infrared and collinear divergences in amplitudes, which underlies the resummation of large logarithms in the corresponding cross sections. I then describe some recent results concerning the conformal limit, notably the case of N = 4 superymmetric Yang-Mills theoryComment: 15 pages, invited talk presented at the 10th Workshop in High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP X), Chennai, India, January 200

Measuring Multijet Structure of Hadronic Energy Flow Or What IS A Jet?

Ambiguities of jet algorithms are reinterpreted as instability wrt small variations of input. Optimal stability occurs for observables possessing property of calorimetric continuity (C-continuity) predetermined by kinematical structure of calorimetric detectors. The so-called C-correlators form a basic class of such observables and fit naturally into QFT framework, allowing systematic theoretical studies. A few rules generate other C-continuous observables. The resulting C-algebra correctly quantifies any feature of multijet structure such as the "number of jets" and mass spectra of "multijet substates". The new observables are physically equivalent to traditional ones but can be computed from final states bypassing jet algorithms which reemerge as a tool of approximate computation of C-observables from data with all ambiguities under analytical control and an optimal recombination criterion minimizing approximation errors.Comment: PostScript, 94 pp (US Letter), 18 PS files, [email protected]

A theory of jet definition

A systematic framework for jet definition is developed from first principles of physical measurement, quantum field theory, and QCD. A jet definition is found which: is theoretically optimal in regard of both minimization of detector errors and inversion of hadronization; is similar to a cone algorithm with dynamically negotiated jet shapes and positions found via shape observables that generalize the thrust to any number of axes; involves no ad hoc conventions; allows a fast computer implementation [hep-ph/9912415]. The framework offers an array of options for systematic construction of quasi-optimal observables for specific applications.Comment: PS 45 pages; 2nd ed. Jan 2000: major addition

Possible complex annihilation and B -> K pi direct CP asymmetry

We point out that a sizable strong phase could be generated from the penguin annihilation in the soft-collinear effective theory for B meson decays. Keeping a small scale suppressed by O(Lambda/m_b), Lambda being a hadronic scale and m_b the b quark mass, in the denominators of internal particle propagators without expansion, the resultant strong phase can accommodate the data of the B^0 -> K^-+ pi^+- direct CP asymmetry. Our study reconciles the opposite conclusions on the real or complex penguin annihilation amplitude drawn in the soft-collinear effective theory and in the perturbative QCD approach based on k_T factorization theorem.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, added reference

Collinear and Soft Divergences in Perturbative Quantum Gravity

Collinear and soft divergences in perturbative quantum gravity are investigated to arbitrary orders in amplitudes for wide-angle scattering, using methods developed for gauge theories. We show that collinear singularities cancel when all such divergent diagrams are summed over, by using the gravitational Ward identity that decouples the unphysical polarizations from the S-matrix. This analysis generalizes a result previously demonstrated in the eikonal approximation. We also confirm that the only virtual graviton corrections that give soft logarithmic divergences are of the ladder and crossed ladder type.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

Energy Flow in Interjet Radiation

We study the distribution of transverse energy, Q_Omega, radiated into an arbitrary interjet angular region, Omega, in high-p_T two-jet events. Using an approximation that emphasizes radiation directly from the partons that undergo the hard scattering, we find a distribution that can be extrapolated smoothly to Q_Omega=Lambda_QCD, where it vanishes. This method, which we apply numerically in a valence quark approximation, provides a class of predictions on transverse energy radiated between jets, as a function of jet energy and rapidity, and of the choice of the region Omega in which the energy is measured. We discuss the relation of our approximation to the radiation from unobserved partons of intermediate energy, whose importance was identified by Dasgupta and Salam.Comment: 26 pages, 8 eps figures. Revised to include a discussion of non-global logarithm