Sirius XM Radio, Inc., Defendant: The Case for a Unified Federal Copyright System for Sound Recordings

This article observes the surviving gap between state and federal protection of music recordings through the lens of the current litigation against Sirius XM. Part II sets out a history of copyright protection in the music industry. Part III outlines the relevant provisions of the federal Copyright Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the role played in the federal system by the Copyright Royalty Board. Part IV examines the pertinent statutory property protection of music recordings in the state of California. Part V then discusses the merits of the current lawsuits against Sirius XM. After considering the potential legal and economic ramifications of the current lawsuits, Part VI then concludes by advocating for a unified federal system of copyright protection for all sound recordings regardless of the date on which they were originally fixed

Records of the Higher Fungi of Minnesota

This paper, presenting an annotated list of 203 species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes of Minnesota, is the first published report of the occurrence of many of the species in the state. The collections on which the list is based were made in five Minnesota counties and are deposited in the senior author\u27s herbarium at Faribault, Minnesota, and in the University of Michigan Herbarium at Ann Arbor, Michigan

Higher Fungi of Minnesota, ll.

This paper, an annotated list of 240 species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes of Minnesota, is the first published report of the occurrence of many of the species in the state and is the second report presented by the authors. These collections were made in nine Minnesota counties

Spring‐applied Corn Herbicides Impact Fall‐planted Cover Crops in South Dakotaa

Early spring herbicide applications can have residuals that impede fall‐planted cover crop growth. A greenhouse study examined radish (Raphanus sativus L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) growth in silty clay loam (southeastern South Dakota) and silt loam (north‐central South Dakota) where corn herbicides had been applied about 120 d prior to collection. S‐metolachlor, acetochlor, flumetsulam, metribuzin, bicyclopyrone + mesotrione + S‐metolachlor + atrazine, and primisulfuron‐methyl + prosulfuron (northern site only) were applied at the suggested timing and highest recommended rate and planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Two 11‐cm diam. soil cores to a 10‐cm depth were collected per plot after silage harvest, with nontreated soils also collected. Soil was mixed within each core and two subsamples were placed into conetainers and planted with four seeds of the crop species. Plant height, and fresh shoot and root weights were quantified after 6 wk and compared to growth in nontreated soil. Radish was unaffected by any herbicide in either soil. Rye growth was influenced by soil and herbicide. In the silt loam, rye shoot biomass was reduced 15–25% by flumetsulam, acetochlor, and primisulfuron + prosulfuron; and acetochlor reduced root biomass by 44%. In the silty clay loam, acetochor reduced shoot biomass by 59%; and all treatments reduced root biomass by 35% or more. These data suggest that spring herbicide applications and cover crop species should be carefully matched to help in cover crop success