Application of fuzzy mathematical model of decision-making for the selection of optimal surgical tactics in patients with non-tumor obstructive jaundice

Aim. Creation of a model of fuzzy logic for predicting the risk of postoperative complications and the choice of individual optimal surgical tactics in obstructive jaundice caused by choledocholithiasis. Methods. At the first stage, we determined the most prognostically significant factors affecting the risk of postoperative complications. In accordance with these factors, linguistic variables were introduced: X1 - patient’s age; X2 - duration of jaundice; X3 - temperature; X4 - comorbidities; X5 - the level of liver dysfunction; X6 - CD4+ in the blood; X7 - interleukin-2 in the serum; Y - level of risk. The intervals of their changes were determined. Fuzzi Logic Toolbox Matlab soft was used to achieve the determined aim. The values of input variables were introduced into the model, transformed in the «Phaser» block and then the rule base of the fuzzy inference system was formed by the expert method. As a result, the level of risk is determined and the choice of surgical tactics is made: (1) risk is absent or low (A); (2) doubtful risk (B) - if the risk assessment in the dynamics after preoperative therapy decreases, then tactics A, if the score does not decrease or increases, then tactics C; (3) high and very high risk (C) - an unequivocal choice of stage tactics. Results. According to the defined level of risk, in 92 patients a one-stage procedure was used, while 58 underwent a two-stage intervention. Due to the developed fuzzy mathematical model, forecasting of the optimal choice of surgical tactics is achieved, which significantly improves the results of treatment. Conclusion. The developed fuzzy mathematical model makes it possible to differentiate the choice of surgical tactics for a particular patient and thereby reduce the incidence of postoperative complications from 29.0 to 4.7% and mortality from 11.0 to 1.3%

EVALUATION OF CONTENT AND NATURE OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS (CO, ZN, PB, CD, NI, CU) IN THE WATER AREA OF AGRAKHANSKY BAY

The article presents data on the content and nature of the spatial distribution of heavy metals (Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu) in the waters of the Agrakhanskiy Gulf

THE USE OF THE ELEMENTS OF MORPHOECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF ORGANISMS TO THE ENVIRONMENT UNDER PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF BIOTAS OF TETIYSKY DESERT-STEPPE REGION (BUILDING SCHEMES OF HISTORICAL FORMATION OF FLORA AND FAUNA)

Aim. The question of life forms (morpho-ecological adaptation of the organism to the environment) is an actual problem of ecological morphology. Different approaches in the study of Coleoptera life forms, including comparative morphological, ontogenetic and ecological faunal approaches, have identified the main trends of the morpho-ecological evolution of the studied fauna, and the spectrum method of life forms helped find out the laws of their landscape-zonal distribution.Methods. Electron microscopy scanning was performed at the Institute of Arid Zones of the Southern Scientific Center of RAS (Rostov-on-Don), using a microscope SEM EVO-40 XVP (LEO 143OVP).Results. In this article, for the first time, the life form to be used for some reconstructions of the fauna of the age of certain ecosystems of the discussed territory. In this paper, morphological adaptation of the feet is considered closely related to the features of lifestyle and environmental conditions, mainly the soil. The structure of the feet of Tenebrionidae is closely related to their living conditions and patterns of behavior. Convergence in the structure of the feet of phylogenetically distant species is the result of a match in their evolutionary development of the living conditions and behavioral characteristics. The structure of fossorials (digging legs) of Tenebrionidae and Scarabaeidae is in a thin line with a certain type of soil conditions. As a result, among the examined groups of Coleoptera the structure of fossorials is the most reliable indicator of soil conditions. The analysis of the biological diversity of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea has shown the failure of the existing reviews for Caspian water level regime and the age of biota of islands.Conclusion. Thus, the presence of the ancient highly specialized life forms, communities and systems in any particular area, with great certainty will allow conceding the continuity of the existence of this biota during the time required for the formation of structural units of the community, the individual species, subspecies and supra species taxa. The analysis of the life forms of individual taxonomic groups, species, communities, modern biological diversity of coastal and island ecosystems does not confirm the periods of "strong" transgressions flooding vast areas of the Caspian and the islands of Turan. They contradict these assumptions

THE USE OF THE ELEMENTS OF MORPHOECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS OF ORGANISMS TO THE ENVIRONMENT UNDER PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF BIOTAS OF TETIYSKY DESERT-STEPPE REGION (BUILDING SCHEMES OF HISTORICAL FORMATION OF FLORA AND FAUNA)

Aim. The question of life forms (morpho-ecological adaptation of the organism to the environment) is an actual problem of ecological morphology. Different approaches in the study of Coleoptera life forms, including comparative morphological, ontogenetic and ecological faunal approaches, have identified the main trends of the morpho-ecological evolution of the studied fauna, and the spectrum method of life forms helped find out the laws of their landscape-zonal distribution.Methods. Electron microscopy scanning was performed at the Institute of Arid Zones of the Southern Scientific Center of RAS (Rostov-on-Don), using a microscope SEM EVO-40 XVP (LEO 143OVP).Results. In this article, for the first time, the life form to be used for some reconstructions of the fauna of the age of certain ecosystems of the discussed territory. In this paper, morphological adaptation of the feet is considered closely related to the features of lifestyle and environmental conditions, mainly the soil. The structure of the feet of Tenebrionidae is closely related to their living conditions and patterns of behavior. Convergence in the structure of the feet of phylogenetically distant species is the result of a match in their evolutionary development of the living conditions and behavioral characteristics. The structure of fossorials (digging legs) of Tenebrionidae and Scarabaeidae is in a thin line with a certain type of soil conditions. As a result, among the examined groups of Coleoptera the structure of fossorials is the most reliable indicator of soil conditions. The analysis of the biological diversity of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea has shown the failure of the existing reviews for Caspian water level regime and the age of biota of islands.Conclusion. Thus, the presence of the ancient highly specialized life forms, communities and systems in any particular area, with great certainty will allow conceding the continuity of the existence of this biota during the time required for the formation of structural units of the community, the individual species, subspecies and supra species taxa. The analysis of the life forms of individual taxonomic groups, species, communities, modern biological diversity of coastal and island ecosystems does not confirm the periods of "strong" transgressions flooding vast areas of the Caspian and the islands of Turan. They contradict these assumptions

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE TERRESTRIAL FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE TETHYS DESERT-STEPPE REGION OF PALEARARTICS, BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF THE CAUCASUS. MESSAGE 1. TERRESTRIAL FAUNA

Aim. The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of the composition of the terrestrial fauna of the Tethys desert-steppe region of the Palearctic.Materials and methods. The work was based on the materials collected in different republics and regions of the Caucasus and the south of the European part of Russia during 50 years (from 1961 to 2016) which are kept in various domestic and foreign institutions. Catalogs on the studied model groups were also used to conduct the research. In making the dendrograms, a cluster analysis based on the Jaccard coefficient was used.Results. A detailed analysis was carried out by model groups of the animals of the Eastern and Western Thethys complexes of the desert-steppe region of the Palearctic. Comparative analysis has shown that a significant number of species and genera of the discussed territories is characterized by an exceptionally high ratio of endemic species and superspecies taxa. Indicators of endemism in model groups fluctuate depending on the population's ability to resettle. High endemism of faunas of darkling beetles, ground beetles, click beetles and land snails in the Eastern Tethys complex was noted.Conclusion. The Caucasus (in a new interpretation) is characterized by a high percentage of endemism for the studied model groups. A large number of the common Tethys genera and species in all model groups attests to their fundamental role in the overall composition of the biota against the background of powerful autochthonous centers of species-formation and, most importantly, the formation and functioning of the Palaearctic desert-steppe belt as the Tethys ocean reduced

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE TERRESTRIAL FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE TETHYS DESERT-STEPPE REGION OF PALEARARTICS, BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF THE CAUCASUS. MESSAGE 3. MAIN POINTS OF FORMATION OF THE BIOTA OF THE CAUCASUS

Aim. The aim is to analyze the main points of the formation of the biota of the Caucasus.Results. Discussed points: the boundaries of the Tethys desert-steppe belt of the Palaearctic and the place of the Caucasus in it, as well as the role of marine littoral complexes and the islands of the Tethys ocean, orogenetic ascent of the mountain biota in the process of formation. To cover the wide range of environmental parameters and at the same time, major taxonomic groups, in the research were used the materials on the biological diversity of families of Carabidae (328 genera, 7213 species), Tenebrionidae (378 genera, 4914 species), Scarabacidae (263 genera, 2227 species), Elateridae (112 genera, 1451 species); land snails (429 genera, 2614 species), soil mites (381 genera, 1506 species); 17487 species of 1242 plant genera were also examined.Conclusion. All the summarized, comparative materials and outgoing conclusions are original and unique. The biogeographical analysis of this vast material with completely different phylogenetics, bionomy, ecology, carried out according to monotypic method, shows that in the Tethys desert-steppe belt of the Palaearctic, the distribution of all studied model groups of animals and plants has a similar character subject to general patterns

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE TERRESTRIAL FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE TETHYS DESERT-STEPPE REGION OF PALEARARTICS, BIOGEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF THE CAUCASUS. MESSAGE 2. FLORA

Aim. The aim is to conduct an inventory and comparative analysis of the species and generic composition of the flora of the Caucasus, Turkey, Iran and Kopetdag.Methods. In the research, authors’ own collections and catalogs of flora of Turkey and Iran are used. In making the dendrograms, the Jaccard similarity coefficient was used; the Sorensen-Chekanovskii coefficient was used for the dendrites.Results. The species composition of the flora of the study territory was analyzed; the dominant families and genus were identified. In total, in the area under consideration, there are currently 17487 species related to 1742 genera. 125 genera are common for the study area. The calculated similarity coefficients showed the common flora for the Caucasus and Turkey: the generic composition (more than 60%) and the species composition (more than 20 %.)Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data illustrates the role of Central Asia and the Caucasus as ancient independent centers of formation of flora and fauna of arid regions of the Tethys desert-steppe belt of the Palearctic. The research allowed to identify the specific features of participation of various system groups in the general biota of the Caucasus; features of the geographical distribution of endemic species are determined