PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG INTERACTION BETWEEN CLOPIDOGREL AND ESOMEPRAZOLE IN ADULT HEALTHY MALE VOLUNTEERS

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are known to impair cytochrome P2C19 mediated activation of clopidogrel, the antiplatelet agent used for cardiovascular risk prevention. Esomeprazole is an optical isomer of omeprazole with better efficacy and tolerability than conventional PPIs. Esomeprazole is often co-administered with clopidogrel considering the risk of associated gastrointestinal bleeding. This study was designed to determine the effect of esomeprazole on the mean pharmacokinetic profile clopidogrel.Methods: A total of 14 adult healthy male participants who volunteered participation were enrolled, randomized equally into two cross-over sequences, dosed with clopidogrel and clopidogrel + esomeprazole in respective periods. Blood samples were collected through antecubital or forearm vein indwelling catheter. Concentration of clopidogrel parent prodrug in isolated plasma was determined using validated sensitive liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic modeling was carried out using PKSOLVER add-in for Microsoft Excel.Results: The pharmacokinetic profile of clopidogrel was non-significantly altered by esomeprazole. Statistically significant difference in peak plasma concentration, apparent volume of distribution, and clearance of clopidogrel was observed only during period II in participants co-dosed with esomeprazole (p=0.0483, 0.0011, and 0.0015, respectively). All other primary and secondary pharmacokinetic parameters displayed minor alterations during either period (p>0.05).Conclusion: The non-significant alteration of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics by esomeprazole can be potentiated by underlying predisposing factors such as the presence of CYP2C19 allelic variants and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Hence, co-administration of clopidogrel and esomeprazole should be under clinical monitoring and is not recommended in poor responders of antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel

AI Intelligence Chatbot to Improve Students Learning in the Higher Education Platform

The integrated chatbot for artificial intelligence customizes the learning experience for the students in higher education platform. The chatbot tests the answers of the students and offers insights for the students to improve their learning skills. Further, It helps to improve students’ thinking ability and expectations in higher education platform. The demanding factors for the students in the higher education platform include the need for interactive learning in a non-linear world, enhancing the thinking ability and expectations of the students. This paper proposes Artificial Intelligence Based Inquiry Evaluation Student Learning System (AI-IESLS) to increase interactive learning experience in a non-linear environment. The principal aim of this system is to improve the learning ability of the student on a specific subject using concept mapping in the chatbot. In addition, mapping has been validated for students based on the probability distribution analysis using a concept mapping. Besides, the probability graph’s curve generated by this system assesses the student’s understanding of the topic. The simulation results have been analyzed among students based on concept mapping using the AI-IESLS system in correlation with the traditional approach based on assessment ratio, feedbacks, reciprocity, timing analysis, expectation ratio, and active learning factor. </jats:p

Payroll System At ICICI Bank Ltd

The pay structure of a company depends on several factors such as labor market Conditions Company’s paying capacity and legal provisions. In India, different acts include different items under wages though all the Acts include basic wage and dearness allowance under the term wages. Under the workmen’s Pay Roll act, 1923 wages for leave period holiday pay, overtime pay, bonus, and good conduct bonus form part of wages. Under the payments of wages act, 1936, section 2(vi) anyawards of settlement and production bonus, if paid constitute wages.</jats:p

Promotional Activities At Dobro Toyota

This particular topic is chosen because every organization required promotion to promote their product and services. Sales promotions re playing a vital role in today's market. So it is important to know how far these promotional activities are creating brand awareness in the minds of the customer and influencing them to go for the products and services and also the need to increase the quality, creativity and utilization of technology in the distribution and sales promotions.</jats:p

Consumer Awareness At HDFC Standard Life Insurance

Life insurance is the insurance which is taken on the risks of the person. Though life insurance is in practice for many years in different forms in our country the concept of health insurance in its present form is of very recent origin. The fact that the sector is under penetrated can be known by the fact that less than 20% of the total population is insured for life risks. So there is a huge potentiality which is waiting to being tapped by the insurance companies.</jats:p

Consumer Buying Behavior At Reliance Communications Ltd.

The study attempts to analyze the needs and expectations of consumers from their service providers and how companies are able to match up them. It takes a look at the consumer buying process and strategies followed by the companies to attract consumers and to retain them in the long run so that they do not change to any other company. During the course of the market study, the decision determinants of the customer are elicited from sample</jats:p