СТРУКТУРНАЯ МОДИФИКАЦИЯ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В ЦЕМЕНТНОЙ МАТРИЦЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДИСПЕРСИИ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК И НАНОКРЕМНЕЗЕМА

Complex nanodispersed systems with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanodispersed silica have a significant impact on the processes of hydration, hardening and strength gain of construction composites predetermining their durability. While using a scanning electron microscope with an attachment for X-ray microanalysis and a device for infrared spectral analysis investigations have shown that the main effect of the cement matrix modification in the case of adding complex nanodispersed systems is provided by direct influence of hydration processes with subsequent crystallization of new formations. It has been noted that while adding carbon nanotube dispersion and nanosized silica a binding matrix is structured in the form of an extremely dense shell from crystalline hydrate new formations on the surface of solid phases that provides strong binding matrix in cement concrete. The addition effect of carbon nanotubes has been analyzed and quantitatively assessed through an investigation for every case of one sample with nanotubes and one sample without them with the help of a nanoindenter and scanning electron microscope. It is necessary to solve rather complicated challenging task in order to assess quantitatively the addition effect of CNT on material characteristics at a micromechanical level. At the same time it is possible to investigate surface of a concrete sample with one-micron resolution. In this case it is necessary to prepare samples for nanoindentation with exclusion of all CNT defectable effects that have been shown by a SEM. So in this case more adequate method for assessment must be a picoindenter , which combines a test method for nanoindentation with an optical SEM potential. Such equipment is in the stage of in-situ testing process at the Vienna University of Technology. The investigation is based on the fact that the main modification effect of mineral binding matrix while using incorporated complex nanodispersed systems and nanosilica is ensured by a direct influence of hydration processes and subsequent crystallization of new formations. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with detection in IR spectra have revealed that adding of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion together with nanodispersed silica provides structuring of rather dense shell of hydrated new formations along cement matrix on the surface of solid phase. The structured interfacial layers form separate cells in the modified cement matrix that ensures a formation of extremely filled system and predetermines structural strengthening of the modified cement matrix due to formation of spatial packaging. Consequently, the main factor increasing characteristics of cement concrete which is modified with carbon nanotubes and nanosilica is a structural modification of calcium hydrosilicates with relation to composition and morphology of new formations.Комплексные нанодисперсные системы с многослойными углеродными нанотрубками и нанокремнеземом имеют значительное влияние на процессы гидратации, твердения, набора прочности строительных композитов, предопределяя их долговечность. Исследования с использованием сканирующего электронного микроскопа и Х-лучевого микроанализа с обнаружением в инфракрасном спектре показали, что главный эффект модификации в случае добавления комплексных нанодисперсных систем обеспечивается направленным влиянием процессов гидратации с последующей кристаллизацией новообразований. Установлено, что при добавлении дисперсии углеродных нанотрубок и нанокремнезема формируется структурная матрица в виде чрезвычайно плотной оболочки из кристаллогидратных новообразований на поверхности твердой фазы, что обеспечивает прочную вяжущую матрицу в цементном бетоне. Эффект добавления углеродных нанотрубок анализировался и количественно оценивался исследованием в каждом случае одного образца с нанотрубками и одного без них с помощью наноиндентора и сканирующего электронного микроскопа. Чтобы количественно оценить эффект добавки углеродных нанотрубок на характеристики материала на микромеханическом уровне, необходимо решить сложную задачу. В то же время возможно исследовать поверхность бетонного образца с разрешением в 1 микрон. При этом необходима подготовка образцов для наноиндентирования с исключением всех эффектов дефектности углеродных нанотрубок, показанных сканирующим электронным микроскопом. Вместе с тем, более адекватным методом оценивания в данном случае должен быть пикоиндентор, который комбинирует испытательный метод наноиндентирования с оптическим потенциалом сканирующего микроскопа. Такое оборудование находится в стадии полевых испытаний в Венском техническом университете. Исследование основано на том, что главный эффект модифицирования минеральной вяжущей матрицы с использованием включенных комплексных нанодисперсных систем и нанокремнезема обеспечивается непосредственным влиянием процессов гидратации и последующей кристаллизацией новообразований. Сканирующий электронный микроскоп и Х-лучевой микроанализ с обнаружением в инфракрасном спектре показали, что введение дисперсии многослойных углеродных нанотрубок совместно с нанокремнеземом обеспечивает построение вдоль цементной матрицы очень плотной оболочки вновь образованных гидратов на поверхности твердой фазы. Структурированные поверхностные слои формируют отдельные ячейки в модифицированной цементной матрице, что обеспечивает формирование предельно наполненной системы и предопределяет структуры модифицированной цементной матрицы благодаря формированию пространственной упаковки. Следовательно, основным фактором, повышающим характеристики цементного бетона, модифицированного углеродными нанотрубками и нанокремнеземом, является структурная модификация гидросиликатов кальция относительно композиции и морфологии новообразований

Структурная модификация новообразований в цементной матрице с использованием дисперсии углеродных нанотрубок и нанокремнезема

Complex nanodispersed systems with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanodispersed silica have a significant impact on the processes of hydration, hardening and strength gain of construction composites predetermining their durability. While using a scanning electron microscope with an attachment for X-ray microanalysis and a device for infrared spectral analysis investigations have shown that the main effect of the cement matrix modification in the case of adding complex nanodispersed systems is provided by direct influence of hydration processes with subsequent crystallization of new formations. It has been noted that while adding carbon nanotube dispersion and nanosized silica a binding matrix is structured in the form of an extremely dense shell from crystalline hydrate new formations on the surface of solid phases that provides strong binding matrix in cement concrete. The addition effect of carbon nanotubes has been analyzed and quantitatively assessed through an investigation for every case of one sample with nanotubes and one sample without them with the help of a nanoindenter and scanning electron microscope. It is necessary to solve rather complicated challenging task in order to assess quantitatively the addition effect of CNT on material characteristics at a micromechanical level. At the same time it is possible to investigate surface of a concrete sample with one-micron resolution. In this case it is necessary to prepare samples for nanoindentation with exclusion of all CNT defectable effects that have been shown by a SEM. So in this case more adequate method for assessment must be a picoindenter , which combines a test method for nanoindentation with an optical SEM potential. Such equipment is in the stage of in-situ testing process at the Vienna University of Technology. The investigation is based on the fact that the main modification effect of mineral binding matrix while using incorporated complex nanodispersed systems and nanosilica is ensured by a direct influence of hydration processes and subsequent crystallization of new formations. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with detection in IR spectra have revealed that adding of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion together with nanodispersed silica provides structuring of rather dense shell of hydrated new formations along cement matrix on the surface of solid phase. The structured interfacial layers form separate cells in the modified cement matrix that ensures a formation of extremely filled system and predetermines structural strengthening of the modified cement matrix due to formation of spatial packaging. Consequently, the main factor increasing characteristics of cement concrete which is modified with carbon nanotubes and nanosilica is a structural modification of calcium hydrosilicates with relation to composition and morphology of new formations

Структурная модификация новообразований в цементной матрице с использованием дисперсии углеродных нанотрубок и нанокремнезема

Complex nanodispersed systems with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanodispersed silica have a significant impact on the processes of hydration, hardening and strength gain of construction composites predetermining their durability. While using a scanning electron microscope with an attachment for X-ray microanalysis and a device for infrared spectral analysis investigations have shown that the main effect of the cement matrix modification in the case of adding complex nanodispersed systems is provided by direct influence of hydration processes with subsequent crystallization of new formations. It has been noted that while adding carbon nanotube dispersion and nanosized silica a binding matrix is structured in the form of an extremely dense shell from crystalline hydrate new formations on the surface of solid phases that provides strong binding matrix in cement concrete. The addition effect of carbon nanotubes has been analyzed and quantitatively assessed through an investigation for every case of one sample with nanotubes and one sample without them with the help of a nanoindenter and scanning electron microscope. It is necessary to solve rather complicated challenging task in order to assess quantitatively the addition effect of CNT on material characteristics at a micromechanical level. At the same time it is possible to investigate surface of a concrete sample with one-micron resolution. In this case it is necessary to prepare samples for nanoindentation with exclusion of all CNT defectable effects that have been shown by a SEM. So in this case more adequate method for assessment must be a picoindenter , which combines a test method for nanoindentation with an optical SEM potential. Such equipment is in the stage of in-situ testing process at the Vienna University of Technology. The investigation is based on the fact that the main modification effect of mineral binding matrix while using incorporated complex nanodispersed systems and nanosilica is ensured by a direct influence of hydration processes and subsequent crystallization of new formations. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with detection in IR spectra have revealed that adding of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion together with nanodispersed silica provides structuring of rather dense shell of hydrated new formations along cement matrix on the surface of solid phase. The structured interfacial layers form separate cells in the modified cement matrix that ensures a formation of extremely filled system and predetermines structural strengthening of the modified cement matrix due to formation of spatial packaging. Consequently, the main factor increasing characteristics of cement concrete which is modified with carbon nanotubes and nanosilica is a structural modification of calcium hydrosilicates with relation to composition and morphology of new formations

Concrete Production Using Technogenical, Constructional and Domestic Waste

<p>The article describes investigations carried out by the scientists from various countries in order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. The grained rubber of tyres, modified sawdust, crushed ceramic bricks, plastic waste and remains of glass are utilised to produce concrete mixtures. The results of research conducted by the scientists show that in the process of producing concrete we can use different types of waste to change natural aggregates and to get concrete with specific properties. Currently, waste handling and utilization are burning ecological problems. Therefore, intensive investigations are carried out in order to utilise technogenical, constructional and domestic waste for concrete mixtures. </p><div class="nav_keywords"><p>Article in Lithuanian</p></div

Mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibres

The properties of hardened concrete can be significantly improved by fibres. However, the addition of fibres to fresh concrete results in a loss of workability. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction without vibration. In the present study, the workability and mechanical properties of SCC with fly ash reinforced with monofilament polypropylene fibres were investigated. Two cement contents at 350 and 450 kg m-3 were studied as well with four fibre contents at 3, 6, 9 and 12 kg m-3. The water/cement ratio, fly ash and superplasticiser contents were kept constant at 0 40, 120 kg m-3 and 1% of cement content respectively. Slump flow, J ring, V funnel and air content tests were conducted for evaluating the fluidity, filling ability and segregation risk of the fresh concretes. Unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, pulse velocity and elasticity modulus of concrete were determined. The materials used in this study exhibit no problems with mixing or workability when the fibre distribution is uniform. The polypropylene fibres enhance the strength of SCC significantly, without causing well known problems associated with steel fibres. © W. S. Maney &amp; Son Ltd. 2011