Electric Transport Properties in the 2D-MoS2

The features of electric transport in the powder samples consisting of the nanosize 2D-MoS2 flakes with different number of layers have been studied under the conditions of uniaxial pressure. There have been measured current-voltage characteristics at the room temperature in the voltage range of 0 through 1.5 V at 3 magnitudes of the uniaxial pressure from 5 through 25 bars. The current-voltage characteristics are shown to be non-linear and to form a loop during successive increasing and decreasing voltage. The long-term decays of the current on applying voltage to the sample and of the voltage on the sample in the no-load mode on switching off have been observed. The observed results are explained by the model of the surface charge accumulation causing polarization.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Effect of Immunomodulating Adjuvant Dzherelo (Immunoxel) in HIV Infected Patients Receiving Standard Antiretroviral Therapy

Open-label, matched-case, comparative trial was conducted in 40 HIV-infected patients to evaluate the adjunct effect of Dzherelo (Immunoxel) on immune and viral parameters. Arm A (n=20) received anti-retroviral therapy (ART) consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz and arm B (n=20) received ART with Dzherelo. After 2 months total T-lymphocytes increased in ART recipients from 664 to 819 cells/μl (P=0.06), whereas in Dzherelo recipients they rose from 595 to 785(P=0.03). The CD4 T-cells expanded by 57.3% (218 to 343; P=0.002) in the ART arm and by 93.5% (184 to 356; P=0.004) in the Dzherelo arm. The accrual in absolute and relative number of CD8+ lymphocytes in ART and in the Dzherelo recipients was 43.2% (2.7%) and 50.4% (-0.5%) respectively. The CD4/CD8 ratio in Dzherelo recipients increased from 1.495 to 1.940 (P=0.03) but insignificant in the control: 1.418 to 1.613 (P=0.14). Activated CD3+ HLADR+ T-cells increased from 209 to 264 (P=0.02) and from 161 to 348 (P=0.0007) in ART and Dzherelo recipients respectively. No changes in CD20+ B-lymphocytes were seen in the control, but in Dzherelo patients they declined from 509 to 333 (P=0.00008). The proportion of CD3- CD16+CD56+ NK cells was not affected by ART but addition of Dzherelo raised NK cells from 11.2% to 17.1% (P=0.0001). About three-quarters (14/19) of patients on ART displayed decrease in viral load (1718 to 1419 copies/ml; P=0.008), while 95% of patients on Dzherelo had a decrease (1793 to 1368; P=0.001). Dzherelo has a favorable effect on the immune status and viral burden when given as an immunomodulating adjunct to ART

DreamTel; Diabetes risk evaluation and management tele-monitoring study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes underlines the importance of secondary strategies for the prevention of target organ damage. While access to diabetes education centers and diabetes intensification management has been shown to improve blood glucose control, these services are not available to all that require them, particularly in rural and northern areas. The provision of these services through the Home Care team is an advance that can overcome these barriers. Transfer of blood glucose data electronically from the home to the health care provider may improve diabetes management.</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>The study population will consist of patients with type 2 diabetes with uncontrolled A1c levels living on reserve in the Battlefords region of Saskatchewan, Canada. This pilot study will take place over three phases. In the first phase over three months the impact of the introduction of the Bluetooth enabled glucose monitor will be assessed. In the second phase over three months, the development of guidelines based treatment algorithms for diabetes intensification will be completed. In the third phase lasting 18 months, study subjects will have diabetes intensification according to the algorithms developed.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The first phase will determine if the use of the Bluetooth enabled blood glucose devices which can transmit results electronically will lead to changes in A1c levels. It will also determine the feasibility of recruiting subjects to use this technology. The rest of the Diabetes Risk Evaluation and Management Tele-monitoring (DreamTel) study will determine if the delivery of a diabetes intensification management program by the Home Care team supported by the Bluetooth enabled glucose meters leads to improvements in diabetes management.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Protocol NCT00325624</p

Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Lymphatic Malignancies: The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer

BACKGROUND: Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is present in many everyday foods. Since the finding of its presence in foods in 2002, epidemiological studies have found some suggestive associations between dietary acrylamide exposure and the risk of various cancers. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate for the first time the association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of several histological subtypes of lymphatic malignancies. METHODS: The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer includes 120,852 men and women followed-up since September 1986. The number of person years at risk was estimated by using a random sample of participants from the total cohort that was chosen at baseline (n =5,000). Acrylamide intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire combined with acrylamide data for Dutch foods. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for acrylamide intake as a continuous variable as well as in categories (quintiles and tertiles), for men and women separately and for never-smokers, using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: After 16.3 years of follow-up, 1,233 microscopically confirmed cases of lymphatic malignancies were available for multivariable-adjusted analysis. For multiple myeloma and follicular lymphoma, HRs for men were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.27) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.61) per 10 µg acrylamide/day increment, respectively. For never-smoking men, the HR for multiple myeloma was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.85). No associations were observed for women. CONCLUSION: We found indications that acrylamide may increase the risk of multiple myeloma and follicular lymphoma in men. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate the association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of lymphatic malignancies, and more research into these observed associations is warranted

Theoretical foundations and development priorities of national security rights

The legal content of national security is revealed in the law of national security and becomes a crucial area for the development of legal science in modern conditions of the armed aggression unleashed by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and crisis processes in the international security system. The purpose of this study was to determine the features of national security law as a branch of the national legal system and establish prospects for the development of this branch of law. This study employed a set of methods, which include dialectical, Aristotelian, historical-legal, comparative-analytical, sociological methods, as well as methods of structural analysis, legal modelling, and forecasting. National security law is considered an independent branch of law that demonstrates its public significance in the legal support of national security. National interests, as generally significant interests protected by law, form objects of national security law, are reflected in social communications, which, under the influence of national security law, acquire the features of legal strategic communications. At the same time, the integrative qualities of national security law are manifested in interaction with international security law and military law. National security law forms a system of legal support for national security. Priorities for the development of national security law are implemented in a complex of research, organisational and educational measures, which determines the introduction of the corresponding scientific speciality and educational specialisation. The practical value of the study was to cover the features of national security law as a value-normative system of statuses, rules of conduct, communications, which has public recognition and is legitimised to ensure safe conditions for human life, the existence and development of society and the state, and to justify the development of the subject area of national security law towards qualitative indicators of legal support of all components of the national security system, structuring its types, levels – from national to international, entering the legal system of collective international security based on international principles and standards that form such a security system</jats:p