35 research outputs found
Origen e historia de la introducción del castor en América del Sur
The introduction of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) to Tierra del Fuego is a widely
known example of a successful biological invasion. However, the origin and history of this introduction bears closer scrutiny. Using historical documentation we provide evidence that beaver introduction occurred as a single release event of 20 beavers from northern Manitoba, Canada. This not only clarifies the origin of the invasion, but also suggests that the beaver population of Patagonia descends from a smaller number of individuals than previously assumed.La introducción del castor norteamericano (Castor canadensis) en Tierra del Fuego es un ejemplo ampliamente conocido de una invasión biológica exitosa. Sin embargo, el origen y la historia de su introducción merecen mayor análisis. Usando documentación histórica, presentamos evidencia de que la introducción del castor se originó en un único evento de liberación de 20 castores que arribaron desde el norte de Manitoba en Canadá. Esto no solo aclara el origen de la invasión, sino que sugiere que la población de castores en Patagonia deriva de un número de individuos menor que el que se asumía hasta el momento.Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G.. University Of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Fasola, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin
Structural ensembles of disordered proteins from hierarchical chain growth and simulation
Disordered proteins and nucleic acids play key roles in cellular function and disease. Here, we review recent advances in the computational exploration of the conformational dynamics of flexible biomolecules. While atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has seen a lot of improvement in recent years, large-scale computing resources and careful validation are required to simulate full-length disordered biopolymers in solution. As a computationally efficient alternative, hierarchical chain growth (HCG) combines pre-sampled chain fragments in a statistically reproducible manner into ensembles of full-length atomically detailed biomolecular structures. Experimental data can be integrated during and after chain assembly. Applications to the neurodegeneration-linked proteins α-synuclein, tau, and TDP-43, including as condensate, illustrate the use of HCG. We conclude by highlighting the emerging connections to AI-based structural modeling including AlphaFold2
Habitat occupancy of the threatened Diademed Plover (Phegornis mitchellii) is not affected by llama grazing or peatland size, but declines with peatland humidity
Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. University of California Santa Cruz. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department. Santa Cruz, CA; United States of America.Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina.Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina.Fil: Cockle, Kristina L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones; Argentina.Fil: Izquierdo, Andrea E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Izquierdo, Andrea E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Berrios, Viviana S. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Berrios, Viviana S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. University of California Santa Cruz. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department. Santa Cruz, CA; United States of America.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina.Many habitat-specialist organisms occur in distinct, patchy habitat, yet do not occupy all
patches, and an important question is why apparently suitable habitat remains unoccupied.
We examined factors influencing patch occupancy in near-threatened, little-known Diademed Plovers (Phegornis mitchellii), arguably the bird most specialized to life in High Andean peatlands. Andean peatlands are well-suited to occupancy modelling because they
are discrete patches of humid habitat within a matrix of high-altitude steppe. We hypothesized that Diademed Plovers occupy preferably larger and more humid peatlands, and
avoid peatlands used for grazing by llamas and vicuñas, which may trample vegetation and
nests. From December 2021 to February 2022 (breeding season), we conducted plover
occupancy surveys (2–4) on 40 peatlands at Lagunas de Vilama, a landscape of arid steppe
and wetlands above 4,500 m in NW Argentina. We measured peatland size, grazing pressure, topographic and remotely-sensed variables that correlate with humidity, and incorporated these as covariates in occupancy models. Occupancy models showed that more than
50% of the studied peatlands were used by Diademed Plovers and most showed signs of
reproduction, highlighting the importance of the Vilama Wetlands for Diademed Plover conservation. Within peatlands, Diademed Plovers were most often associated with headwaters. The top ranked occupancy model included constant detection, random spatial effects,
and a single occupancy covariate: mean NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index, an
index correlated with water content and humidity) over the previous three years. Contrary to
our prediction, Diademed Plovers preferred less water-saturated peatlands (lower NDWI),
possibly to avoid nest flooding. This may be especially important in wet years, like the year
when we conducted our surveys. Neither peatland size nor grazing by llamas and vicuñas
affected peatland use by Diademed Plovers, suggesting that llama grazing at current levels may be compatible with plover conservation. For organisms that specialize on humid habitats, such as peatlands, factors affecting occupancy may vary temporally with variation in climate, and we recommend follow-up surveys across multi-year timescales to untangle the
impact of climate on animals’ use of humid habitats.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. University of California Santa Cruz. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department. Santa Cruz, CA; United States of America.Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina.Fil: Pietrek, Alejandro G. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina.Fil: Cockle, Kristina L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones; Argentina.Fil: Izquierdo, Andrea E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Izquierdo, Andrea E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Berrios, Viviana S. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Berrios, Viviana S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. University of California Santa Cruz. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department. Santa Cruz, CA; United States of America.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina.Fil: Lyon, Bruce E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
Self-Organization and Regulation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins with Folded N-Termini
How do mostly disordered proteins coordinate the specific assembly of very large signal transduction protein complexes? A newly emerging hypothesis may provide some clues towards a molecular mechanism
Problems associated with carrying out procedures of cooperation between local military administration bodies and public authority bodies in contingencies
Różnorodność zagrożeń obecnego czasu powoduje, że zadaniem współczesnych sił zbrojnych stało się reagowanie nie tylko na zagrożenia o charakterze militarnym, ale też gotowość do reagowania na zagrożenia o charakterze niemilitarnym. W przypadkach, gdy w sytuacji kryzysowej użycie innych sił i środków jest niemożliwe lub może okazać się niewystarczające, MON, na wniosek wojewody, moSe przekazać do jego dyspozycji pododdziały lub oddziały wojskowe. Wsparcie działań ratowniczych przez siły układu militarnego odbywa się w trzech trybach: podstawowym, alarmowym i nakazowym. Wprowadzenie wojska do działań ratowniczych odbywa się obligatoryjnie, na podstawie unormowań obowiązujących na centralnych szczeblach kierowania reagowaniem kryzysowym. Koordynowanie udziału oddziałów wojska, w zależności od obszaru, na którym występują zagrożenia, zapewniają odpowiednio wójt (burmistrz, prezydent miasta), starosta powiatu lub wojewoda. Koordynowanie to obejmuje tylko przedsięwzięcia mające na celu sprawne włączanie oddziałów sił zbrojnych do współdziałania z innymi podmiotami. Zadania dla oddziałów wojska przekazywane są wyłącznie ich dowódcom, a dowodzenie odbywa się na zasadach określonych w regulaminach wojskowych i według procedur tam obowiązujących.The diversity of today’s threats has led to the situation in which not only are contemporary armed forces tasked with responding to threats of military nature, but they also have to be ready to respond to threats of non-military nature. In the event that during a contingency it is not possible to use other assets and resources or they turn out to be insufficient, the Minister of National Defence may, at the request of the province governor, place military units or subunits at his disposals. Rescue operations may be supported by military forces under three procedures: basic, alert and by order. Participation of the military in rescue operations is mandatory, under the regulations being in effect at central levels of crisis management. Depending on the area where threats occur, participation of military units is coordinated by the commune administrator (mayor, mayor of the city), the district administrator of the district or the province governor. Coordination only includes activities aiming to efficiently incorporate military units into cooperation with other bodies. Tasks for military units are given to their commanders and commanding itself is performed under the rules set out in military manuals and in accordance with applicable procedures
Levels, structure and tasks of public administration crisis management
W ramach kierowania zarządzaniem kryzysowym wojewodzie podporządkowane są organy i jednostki organizacyjne administracji rządowej i samorządowej województwa oraz inne siły i środki wydzielone do jego dyspozycji i skierowane do wykonania zadań na obszarze województwa, w tym pododdziały i oddziały SZ RP. Kierowanie działaniami ratowniczymi w miejscu zagrożenia lub zdarzenia, realizowane jest przez przedstawiciela kompetentnej służby, straży lub inspekcji. W przypadku zdarzeń o charakterze mieszanym oraz wystąpienia problemów kompetencyjnych, rozstrzygnięć dotyczących kierowania działaniami dokonuje wojewoda. Procedury działania organów administracji rządowej i samorządowej podczas sytuacji kryzysowych są swoistym cyklem decyzyjnym, obejmującym: fazy decyzyjne, etapy i czynności związane z pozyskiwaniem, przetwarzaniem i wykorzystaniem pozyskanych informacji. Rezultatem tego procesu powinno być podjęcie decyzji, wypracowanie zamiaru, opracowanie planu zarządzania kryzysowego oraz zadań dla podmiotów wykonawczych znajdujących się w dyspozycji danego organu administracji. Cykl decyzyjny przebiega w czterech podstawowych, łączących się i przenikających fazach, z których pierwsza, określana jako ustalenie położenia, z której organ powinien płynnie przejść do fazy planowania, która składa się z czterech następujących po sobie etapów. Z fazy planowania przechodzi się do fazy kolejnej, czyli stawiania zadań, której celem jest postawienie wykonawcom zadań wynikających z przyjętego zamiaru działania. Najskuteczniejszym sposobem postawienia zadań jest osobiste ich przekazanie szefom, komendantom podległych służb, inspekcji i straży przez wojewodę, starostę czy wójta. Najczęściej odbywa się to podczas specjalnej odprawy. Fazą końcową procesu decyzyjnego jest kontrola.As part of recessionary management, there are bodies as well as other organizations of government and provincial administration subordinated to the governor, and other forces at his/her disposal prepared and concentrated on carrying out tasks in the local area, including the Polish armed forces units and subunits. Security management in an unsafe area is carried out by the leader of the special service, guard or inspection. In the case of other events and competence problems, it is the governor who deals the solution. The procedure of dealing with this management is a decision cycle which includes: the decision phase and stages connected with gaining, changing and using information. The result of this process is supposed to be the decision, the intention and the plan of crisis management as well as the tasks prepared for specific organizations at the disposal of the administrative body. Every decision cycle is divided into four basic, penetrating phases which are connected, the first of which is defined as the decision of placement; then there should be the planning phase consisting of four stages. This is followed by tasking, which aims at obligating the staff to carry out the plan. The most effective way to obligate them is to do it personally to heads, service, inspection or guard commanders by the governor, borough leaders or village heads. It takes place during a special briefing. The last but not least is the phase of controlling. Key words: security management, crisis management, civil administration, crisis management system, Government Centre for Securit
Tasks and forms of co-operation between local military administration bodies and public authority bodies in contingencies and challenges associated with it
Wzrost liczby i zakresu wszelkiego rodzaju zagrożeń stał się nieodłącznym elementem życia człowieka we współczesnym świecie, a także wyznacznikiem jego bezpiecznej egzystencji. Mówiąc o zagrożeniach, mamy na uwadze głównie zagrożenia militarne, terroryzm, zorganizowaną przestępczość, antropogenne niebezpieczeństwa ekologiczne, czy też klęski żywiołowe. Różnorodność zagrożeń obecnego czasu powoduje, że zadaniem współczesnych sił zbrojnych stało się reagowanie nie tylko na zagrożenia o charakterze militarnym, ale też gotowość do reagowania na zagrożenia o charakterze niemilitarnym. Z uwagi na natężenie i rozmiar zagrożeń o charakterze niemilitarnym, służby cywilne, ustawowo powołane do ich zwalczania i przeciwdziałania ich skutkom, często stają się bezradne wobec zaistniałej sytuacji. W takich przypadkach niezbędna jest pomoc i zaangażowanie wszystkich dostępnych sił, jakie znajdują się w dyspozycji państwa, w tym sił zbrojnych.An increase in the number of threats of all kinds and their scope have become an inherent element of a man’s life in the contemporary world, as well as an indicator of his safe existence. Speaking of threats, what one has in mind is mainly military threats, terrorism, organised crime, anthropogenic ecological threats or natural disasters. A diversity of current threats results in the situation that the job of contemporary armed forces now no longer includes responding to threats of military nature only, but they also have to be ready to deal with nonmilitary threats. Because of the intensity and size of threats of non-military nature, civil services, appointed by law to combating them and counteracting their effects, are often helpless in the face of the existing situation. In such cases assistance and involvement of all services available that are at the disposal of the state, including armed forces, is essential
Why Do Beavers Leave Home? Lodge Abandonment in an Invasive Population in Patagonia
Research Highlights: Lodge abandonment by beavers is apparently a common phenomenon in Patagonia, but it is still poorly understood and we ignore what drives it. In relatively slow growth Nothofagus forests, resource depletion can impact abandonment while water availability may be a major driver in the semiarid steppe. Background and Objectives: North American beaver (Castor canadensis) was introduced in 1946 on the island of Tierra del Fuego (TDF) in southern Argentina. Since then, beavers have become a major disturbance affecting not only forest but also treeless steppe landscapes. Our goal was to determine the factors affecting lodge abandonment by beavers in two habitats of TDF: forest and steppe. Materials and Methods: A total of 47 lodges were surveyed between February and March from 2012 to 2014 in both habitat types, 22 in the forest and 25 in the steppe. To explain factors involved in lodge abandonment by beavers, we measured the following variables: water level variation, stream gradient, vegetation cover adjacent to shore and forest structure. Results: We recorded 24 abandonments events, with a similar proportion of lodges abandoned in both habitats. Our results revealed that lodge abandonment was mostly linked to water level fluctuations irrespective of habitat type. The water level at the entrances of the lodge generally decreased in abandoned lodges. Variables that characterize understory cover had some influence on lodge abandonment in the forest, and no effect in the steppe. Conclusions: Water level variation was associated with lodge abandonment in both habitats, and we found some evidence of resource depletion in the forest. However, we caution that changes in water level may be not only due to extrinsic factors but rather to beaver's own activities or to a decay in pond maintenance following abandonment