526 research outputs found
A study of the pulmonary complications of preterm infants after prenatal corticosteroids prophylaxis in a major Bulgarian hospital
Abstract: An increasingly common problem in obstetrics and neonatology is premature birth. This problem is the cause of many health complications in premature neonates and is leading to neonatal mortality. These complications affect the whole body of premature babies, the respiratory system has the largest percentage due to lack of the period for intrauterine maturation of the lung. A retrospective study was carried out at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital St. Georgi, Plovdiv, Bulgaria for the period 2015-2016. 167 preterm infants have been studied. They were divided into two main groups: a working group of 89 preterm infants with prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis and a control group of 78 preterm infants without prenatal prophylaxis. Data on clinical outcomes, health status, background complications of prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis have been analyzed. The summary, however, of the results that is: the 3.6% difference has been found between newborn children with RDS and those with all other disabilities; this shows that in preterm infants the priority is to damage the respiratory system. Over 60% of the prematurity develop respiratory distress syndrome. The presence of respiratory complications is dew to the earlier gestational week of birth and the older age of the mother and is somewhat limited by the prenatal administration of corticosteroids.peer-reviewe
Circularly Polarized Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna with Resonant Slots and a Screen
A broadband circularly polarized (CP) Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna (ACMSA) is described herein. In order to decrease the back radiation of the antenna due to resonant coupling slots (a cross-slot) in the ground plane, a three-layer structure with a screen is proposed. As a result, the back radiation of the antenna is reduced by more than 12 dB and its gain is increased by about 1.3 dB compared to the conventional two-layer ACMSA with nonresonant coupling slots. The antenna is designed to operate within the Ku-band. Keeping its simple and compact construction and high mechanical characteristics it can be used as an element of CP microstrip antenna arrays with various applications in the contemporary communication systems. A comparison with two similar CP antennas with resonant slots, a two-layer ACMSA and a three-layer ACMSA with a patch reflector is accomplished
PANDEMIC CRISIS AND CURRENCY BOARD IN BULGARIA
The pandemic crisis, started as a health crisis and transformed to the economic crisis, had its negative effects not only on the real economy, but also on the financial sector all over the world. The origin of the crisis is different compared to the global financial crisis, but it affected on the behavior of the financial market participants and financial system functioning.ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
: Π·Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΠΠ ΠΡΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ (ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π²Π°, 15β16 ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ 2021 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ). β ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π²Π° : ΠΠ£ΠΠ’, 2021. β 301 Ρ. β 1 Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΎΠΏΡ. Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊ (DVD-ROM). β Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΡ., ΡΠΎΡ., Π°Π½Π³Π». ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ
Exotropia associated with syndromes
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ½. Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎ Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° Π΅ΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ. ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ Π΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΅ Π΅ΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΠ½Π³Π΅Π»ΠΌΠ°Π½. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ²Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ 46,XX,add(17q25), ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π‘ΠΌΠΈΡ-ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ-ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ³Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄: ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄.Introduction: Exotropia is strabismus with a deviation of visual axes outwards. It is considerably less frequent than esotropia. When present early in life, it is usually hereditary. Most common form is the intermittent exotropia with excess of divergence or insuf? ciency of convergence, which could either compensate with time or turn into a manifest strabismus. Exotropia is present in some syndromes as well.
Aim: To demonstrate rare syndromes in which one of the symptom is exotropia.
Material and methods: Three cases with exotropia present at birth are presented. Ophthalmologic and orthoptic methods of examination are used.
Results: One of the cases is a genetically proven syndrome of Angelmann, second case is a chromosomal disease 46,XX,add(17q25), clinically manifested as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and the third case is syndrome with congenital abnormalities of extremities.
Conclusion: When exotropia is present very early in life and there is not a family history for exotropia, most probably it is a part of a syndrome and interdisciplinary approach is required
Evaluation of peripapillary and macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in anisometropic amblyopic children with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π° ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ (RNFL) ΠΈ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ.Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π½ΠΈΡRNFL (pRNFL, mRNFL) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (SD-OCT).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ 9 RNFL ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Ρ Topcon 3D ΠΠ‘Π’ 2000+, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Circle ΠΈ Glaucoma Analysis-Macula ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ 90 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° (180 ΠΎΡΠΈ) Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 18 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ 8.55Β±2.65) ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ - ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° (56 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°) ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ (34 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°) Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ - 23 ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ - 11. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° pRNFL ΠΈ mRNFL Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 111.72Β±6.72 ΞΌm ΠΈ 37.18Β±3.88 ΞΌm, Π² ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ- 119.96Β±11.39 ΞΌm ΠΈ 35.09Β±4.22 ΞΌm, a ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ- 102.18Β±9.64 ΞΌm ΠΈ 36.73Β±4.05 ΞΌm. ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° pRNFL Π² ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ-Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°, a Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ- ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π΄Π΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ mRNFL Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ° RNFL ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ - ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² pRNFL, ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΈ pRNFL, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π° Π² pRNFL ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ mRNFL Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ-Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡ pRNFL ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π» Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° Π±Π°Π·Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° mRNFL Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° mRNFL ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ.ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΈ: Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.AbstractIntroduction: Anatomical and functional changes in visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus are well established in amblyopia process, but the part of retina is still controversial. It is supposed that retinal ganglion cells, nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve are also involved.Purpose: To evaluate the peripapillary and macular RNFL thickness (pRNFL, mRNFL) in anisometropic amblyopic children with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The RNFL thickness was compared between the amblyopic, the nonamblyopic sound eye and control group of eyes.Material and methods: This was a prospective observational study of 90 children (180 eyes) aged 4-18 years (mean 8.55Β±2.65) divided into two groups - controls (56 children) and anisometropic amblyopic group (34 children) with two subgroups- anisohyperopic amblyopia- 23 and anisomyopic amblyopia- 11. A Total of 9 RNFL parameters were measured using Topcon 3D OCT 2000+, protocols Circle and Glaucoma AnalysisMacula. The obtained data was statistically analyzed.Results: Mean total values of pRNFL and mRNFL thickness were respectively 111.72Β±6.72 ΞΌm and 37.18Β±3.88 ΞΌm in control group of eyes, 119.96Β±11.39 ΞΌm and 35.09Β±4.22 ΞΌm in anisohyperopic amblyopic eyes, 102.18Β±9.64 ΞΌm and 36.73Β±4.05 ΞΌm in anisomyopic amblyopic eyes. In comparison with control group, statistically significant greater pRNFL thickness was found in anisohyperopic amblyopic eyes, and significantly smaller pRNFL thickness in anisomyopic amblyopic eyes. There was no significant difference in Mrnfl thickness among the three investigated groups. No significant difference in pRNFL and mRNFL thickness was observed between amblyopic and nonamblyopic sound eye in the two subgroups.Conclusion: Our pRNFL thickness results in anisometropic amblyopia show similar changes to that of refraction errors without amblyopia. The well studied relationship between pRNFL thickness and the axial length (AL) prevents the precise interpretation of pRNFL thickness results in amblyopia, because it is not possible to determine whether the pRNFL thickness changes are due to anisometropic amblyopia or refraction error alone. In our previous investigations we did not find a correlation between mRNFL and AL. Therefore mRNFL seems to be a more accurate and reliable parameter than pRNFL for exploring retinal changes due to anisometropic amblyopia. Based on mRNFL results, we did not observe structural retinal changes in anisometropic amblyopia. Further study of mRNFL in strabismic and microstrabismic amblyopia is needed to confirm the statement that no structural changes take place in the retina as a result of amblyopia
Comparison between traditional bilateral and large unilateral medial rectus muscle recession for moderate esotropia
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π§Π΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ (Π΄ΠΎ 25Ξ) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ» ΡΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ° Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° (ΠRR) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° (ΠΠRR) ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ». Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΞΠΌΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ° ΠRR ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π° BΠRR ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ 6 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ 200 ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°/Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° 170 (Π40 ΠΎΡΠΈ) Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ BMRR, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ 16 (8%) Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈ (Π΄ΠΎ 5 ΠΌΠΌ). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π«ΠΌΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡ
Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° Π0 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ° ΠRR. ΠΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΈΡΠΎ Π² Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΞΠΌΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΈΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄: ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠRR Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΡΠ° BΠRR Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ.Introduction: In moderate esotropia there is a di1emma whether to operate on one muscle, performing a large unilateral recession (ΠRR) or on two muscles, performing traditional bilateral (ΠΠRR) recessions of medial rectus muscles.
Aim: Π’ΠΎ compare the effect Ξ/mm recession of a large ΠRR and traditional BΠRR in moderate esotropia as well as the motor outcome 6 months after surgery.
Material and methods: 200 patients with alternating/alternated esotropia were operated on for the period of 2000-2014. BΠRR were performed in 170 patients (Π40 eyes), the traditional (up to 5 mm) being in 16 (8%). Their effect Ξ/mm recession was compared to the effect of large ΠRR which was performed in ΠΠ cases.
Diagnostic, surgical and statistical methods were used.
Results: No statistical difference was recorded between the two groups neither in the effect ?/mm recession, nor in the motor outcome 6 months after surgery.
Conclusion: Large MRR is a good alternative of traditional BMRR for achieving an optimal effect with a minimal surgical risk, especially in cases with preexisting anisometropia and amblyopia
Maximum motor fusion test in determining the target angle for surgical treatment of esotropia
ΠΠ°ΠΉ-Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ (ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠ»). ΠΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ- Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ (Π’ΠΠΠ€) Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ·Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ 200 ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°/Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ, Π½Π° 170 (Π40 ΠΎΡΠΈ) ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈ, a Π½Π° Π0 - Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2000-2014Π³. ΠΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π’ΠΠΠ€ Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ 77.4% ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ (Π·Π° ΠΠ ΡΠΌ ΠΈ 5 ΠΌ), ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π· Π°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄: Π’ΠΠΠ€ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ-Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠ», Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ.The greatest challenge for successfu1 treatment of esotropia is determining the target angle of deviation (the angle to bΠ΅ operated on). Lots of factors have influence on the surgical decision - age, refraction error, accommodation/convergence ratio (angle of deviation for distance, near, with and without glasses). Aim of this study is to analyze the role of maximum motor fusion test (ΠΠFΠ’) in planning the amount of surgery for the best outcome of esotropia treatment. Materials and methods: 200 patients with alternating/altenated esotropia were operated for the period of 2000-2014. Bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions were performed in 170 patients (Π40 eyes). ΠΠ patients underwent unilateral large recession of medial rectus muscle. Diagnostic, surgical and statistical methods were used. Results: MMFT was done in 77.4% patients. They had significantly better alignment for distant and near as compared to those, whose surgery was planned only according to alternating prism cover test. Conclusion: The MMFT is a reliable test to insure enhanced surgery with decrease of residual angle and without risk of surgical overcorrection
Foveal hypoplasia and diagnostic role of optical coherence tomography
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠ‘Π’) Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π©Π°ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ΄, ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΊΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΌ ΠΠ‘Π’ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ.
Π¦Π΅Π»
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½-ΠΠ‘Π’ (SD-OCT).
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ SD-OCT (Topcon 3D ΠΠ‘Π’) - Macula Line 1 Raster. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ
Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ Π-ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ, a ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π΅Ρ
Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π§ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΠ‘Π’ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π½Π° Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ.Introduction
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique with proven diagnostic and follow-up value for diabetic macular edema, age related macular degeneration, Stargardt`s disease, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, etc. The research interest for OCT and its diagnostic role in foveal hypoplasia in recent years has been increased. Foveal hypoplasia could be isolated finding or as a part of other eye or systemic disorders.
Purpose
The aim of this article is to investigate whether OCT could be of use in diagnosis of foveal hypoplasia in children.
Material and methods
We present several examples of clinical cases with abnormal foveal morphology (different stages of foveal hypoplasia) among pediatric population. The macular abnormality was detected and graded with spectral domain-OCT (Topcon 3D OCT) - Macula Line / Raster programs, after strictly localized linear B-scan through the fovea.
Results
Morphological characteristics of the macula include extrusion of the plexiform layers from the central fovea. In patients with foveal hypoplasia we found absence of extrusion with shallow and absent foveal pit, absence of outer segment lengthening and also absence of outer nuclear layer widening. These were the structural changes, which were taken into account in diagnostic and grading process of foveal hypoplasia.
Conclusion
This report highlights the role of OCT in the macular area for diagnosis of foveal hypoplasia. Especially when described findings in patients could be stay clinically masked by normal visual acuity
Chemical composition and biological protein value of milk of Tsigai sheep and their F2 cross-breeds of Chios
The composition of milk was studied from purebred Tsigai sheep and F2 cross-breeds with Chios breed from 4th to 6th month of lactation, raised on a mountain pasture. The chemical analysis samples were taken from each sheep in the period of April-June. The content of fat, protein and amino acids was determined in individual samples and total sample formed by the milk yield from all animals, proportional to the daily milk yield from each individual. There is a tendency for higher milk yield and content of total protein and casein in milk of F2 cross-breeds of Chios in comparison with Tsigai sheep. Milk sheep from F2 crossbreeds of Chios had higher content of Lysine, as well as glutamic acid, methionine and leucine, in comparison to that form Tsigai sheep, respectively: 0.458Β±0.011. 1.389Β±0.040. 0.084Β±0.005 and 0.572Β±0.013. The milk chemical index in both groups of sheep was comparatively low and it constituted respectively 38.3% in Tsigai sheep and 35.4% in F2 cross-breeds, as a result of low concentrations of methionine and cysteine in milk. Biological value of milk obtained from Tsigai breed sheep and F2 milk cross-breeds of Chios had close values - respectively 92.01 and 91.87%. Results showed that the sward composition and the vegetation stage had an influence over the essential amino acids content in purebred Tsigai sheep and their cross-breeds with Chios breed
BaSIS-Net: From point estimate to predictive distribution in neural networks - a Bayesian sequential importance sampling framework
Data-driven Deep Learning (DL) models have revolutionized autonomous systems, but ensuring their safety and reliability necessitates the assessment of predictive confidence or uncertainty. Bayesian DL provides a principled approach to quantify uncertainty via probability density functions defined over model parameters. However, the exact solution is intractable for most DL models, and the approximation methods, often based on heuristics, suffer from scalability issues and stringent distribution assumptions and may lack theoretical guarantees. This work develops a Sequential Importance Sampling framework that approximates the posterior probability density function through weighted samples (or particles), which can be used to find the mean, variance, or higher-order moments of the posterior distribution. We demonstrate that propagating particles, which capture information about the higher-order moments, through the layers of the DL model results in increased robustness to natural and malicious noise (adversarial attacks). The variance computed from these particles effectively quantifies the modelβs decision uncertainty, demonstrating well-calibrated and accurate predictive confidence
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