371 research outputs found
Radiative corrections for (e,e′p) reactions at GeV energies
A general framework for applying radiative corrections to (e,e′p) coincidence reactions at GeV energies is presented, with special emphasis to higher-order bremsstrahlung effects, radiation from the scattered hadron, and the validity of peaking approximations. The sensitivity to the assumptions made in practically applying radiative corrections to (e,e′p) data is extensively discussed. The general framework is tested against experimental data of the 1H(e,e′p) reaction at momentum transfer values larger than 1.0 (GeV/c)^2, where radiative processes become a dominant source of uncertainty. The formulas presented here can easily be modified for any other electron-induced coincidence reaction
Momentum Transfer Dependence of Nuclear Transparency from the Quasielastic ^(12)C(e, e'p) Reaction
The cross section for quasielastic ^(12)C(e,e’p) scattering has been measured at momentum transfer Q^2=1, 3, 5, and 6.8 (GeV/c)^2. The results are consistent with scattering from a single nucleon as the dominant process. The nuclear transparency is obtained and compared with theoretical calculations that incorporate color transparency effects. No significant rise of the transparency with Q^2 is observed
Factors influencing the likelihood of acceptance of postpartum intrauterine devices across four countries: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors that positively influenced the likelihood of accepting provision of postpartum intrauterine devices (PPIUDs) across four countries: Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tanzania, and India. METHODS: Healthcare providers were trained across 24 facilities in counselling and insertion of PPIUDs as part of a large multicountry study. Women delivered were asked to take part in a 15-minute face-to-face structured interview conducted by in-country data collection officers prior to discharge. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with acceptance. RESULTS: From January 2016 to November 2017, 6477 health providers were trained, 239 033 deliveries occurred, and 219 242 interviews were conducted. Of those interviewed, 68% were counselled on family planning and 56% on PPIUD, with 20% consenting to PPIUD. Multiple counselling sessions was the only factor resulting in higher consent rates (OR 1.30-1.39) across all countries. Odds ratios for women's age, parity, and cadre of provider counselling varied between countries. CONCLUSION: Consent for contraception, specifically PPIUD, is such a culturally specific topic and generalization across countries is not possible. When planning contraceptive policy changes, it is important to have an understanding of the sociocultural factors at play
Nuclear transparencies for nucleons, knocked-out under various semi-inclusive conditions
Using hadron dynamics we calculate nuclear transparencies for protons,
knocked-out in high-, semi-inclusive reactions. Predicted transparencies
are, roughly half a standard deviation above the NE18 data. The latter contain
the effects of binned proton missing momenta and mass, and of finite detector
acceptances. In order to test sensitivity we compare computed transparencies
without restrictions and the same with maximal cuts for missing momenta and the
electron energy loss. We find hardly any variation, enabling a meaningful
comparison with data and predictions based on hadron dynamics. Should
discrepancies persist in high-statistics data, the above may with greater
confidence be attributed to exotic components in the description of the
outgoing proton.Comment: 13 pages + 3 figsin appended PS file, report # WIS-94/43/Oct-P
FIGO postpartum intrauterine device initiative: Complication rates across six countries.
OBJECTIVE: To record and analyze complication rates following postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) insertion in 48 hospitals in six countries: Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Tanzania, and Kenya. METHODS: Healthcare providers were trained in counselling and insertion of PPIUD via a training-the-trainer model. Data were collected on methodology, timing, cadre of staff providing care, and number of insertions. Data on complications were collected at 6-week follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed to elucidate factors associated with increased expulsion and absence of threads. RESULTS: From May 2014 to September 2017, 36 766 PPIUDs were inserted: 53% vaginal and 47% at cesarean delivery; 74% were inserted by doctors. Follow-up was attended by 52%. Expulsion and removal rates were 2.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Threads were not visible in 29%. Expulsion was less likely after cesarean insertion (aOR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.26-0.41), following vaginal insertion at between 10 minutes and 48 hours (aOR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42-0.83), and when insertion was performed by a nurse (aOR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22-0.50). CONCLUSION: PPIUD has low complication rates and can be safely inserted by a variety of trained health staff. Given the immediate benefit of the one-stop approach, governments should urgently consider adopting this model
Inclusive Electron Scattering from Nuclei at
The inclusive A(e,e') cross section for was measured on H,
C, Fe, and Au for momentum transfers from 1-7 (GeV/c). The scaling
behavior of the data was examined in the region of transition from y-scaling to
x-scaling. Throughout this transitional region, the data exhibit -scaling,
reminiscent of the Bloom-Gilman duality seen in free nucleon scattering.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX; 4 figures (postscript in .tar.Z file
Color Transparency Effects in Electron Deuteron Interactions at Intermediate Q^2
High momentum transfer electrodisintegration of polarized and unpolarized
deuterium targets, is studied. We show that the importance of final
state interactions-FSI, occuring when a knocked out nucleon interacts with the
other nucleon, depends strongly on the momentum of the spectator nucleon. In
particular, these FSI occur when the essential contributions to the scattering
amplitude arise from internucleon distances . But the absorption
of the high momentum may produce a point like configuration, which
evolves with time. In this case, the final state interactions probe the point
like configuration at the early stage of its evolution. The result is that
significant color transparency effects, which can either enhance or suppress
computed cross sections, are predicted to occur for .Comment: 37 pages LaTex, 12 uuencoded PostScript Figures as separate file, to
be published in Z.Phys.
Chiral Transparency
Color transparency is the vanishing of initial and final state interactions,
predicted by QCD to occur in high momentum transfer quasielastic nuclear
reactions. For specific reactions involving nucleons, the initial and final
state interactions are expected to be dominated by exchanges of pions. We argue
that these interactions are also suppressed in high momentum transfer nuclear
quasielastic reactions; this is ``chiral transparency". We show that studies of
the reaction could reveal the influence of chiral
transparency.Comment: 20 pages, three figures available by fax from
[email protected]; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Exclusive Hadronic Processes and Color Transparency
We review the current status of high energy exclusive processes and color
transparency.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, based on talk given at International Symposium
on Nuclear Physics, Mumbai, Dec 18-22, 200
Correlation Effects in Nuclear Transparency
The Glauber approximation is used to calculate the contribution of nucleon
correlations in high-energy reactions. When the excitation energy of
the residual nucleus is small, the increase of the nuclear transparency due to
correlations between the struck nucleon and the other nucleons is mostly
compensated by a decrease of the transparency due to the correlations between
non detected nucleons. We derive Glauber model predictions for nuclear
transparency for the differential cross section when nuclear shell level
excitations are measured. The role of correlations in color transparency is
briefly discussed.Comment: 24 pages revtex, 4 uuencoded PostScript Figures as separate fil
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