Pengaruh Penambahan Serbuk Ban Karet Pada Campuran Laston Untuk Perkerasan Jalan Raya

Pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Dalam kurun satu tahun pertumbuhan kendaraan naik 10% atau sekitar 10 juta kendaraan dari tahun sebelumnya. Pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan merupakan faktor utama kerusakan pada jalan, karena semaki nmeningkatnya jumlah kendaraan maka beban yang diterima oleh jalan akan melebihi beban rencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai sifat-sifat marshall dari penambahan serbuk ban karet serta dapat mengurangi nilai VMA sehingga kerusakan pada jalan raya bisa berkurang. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan ban bekas dalam bentuk serbuk untuk dijadikan bahan tambah (aditif) dalam campuran laston dengan menggunakan aspal Pen. 60-70. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi kadar aspal 5%, 5,5%, 6%, dan 6,5% dengan variasi serbuk ban karet 1%, 2%, dan 3% dari berat aspal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Void Filled semakin besar, sedangkan Void in Mixture (VIM) dan Void Mineral Aggregate (VMA) yang semakin kecil. Namun, untuk nilai flow dan Marshall Quotient (MQ) tidak memberikan hasil yang konstan. Penambahan serbuk ban karet juga dapat mengurangi penggunaan aspal dalam campuran laston

Oliverio Girondo en el paisaje cultural de los Montes del Tordillo: estudio de las analogías existentes entre el paisaje en la poesía de Girondo y de su poesía en la fisiografía del lugar

El siguiente trabajo tiene por objeto indagar en las analogías existentes entre el paisaje de los Montes del Tordillo y la obra poética de Oliverio Girondo. Nuestro abordaje se realiza desde dos perspectivas en simultáneo: las huellas del paisaje en sus poemas y, de manera análoga, las huellas de aquéllos en la fisiografía de los montes. La hipótesis de partida es que, aun cuando no lo puntualice en ninguno de sus poemas, el poeta argentino conoció en profundidad el paisaje de los Montes del Tordillo de modo que su vínculo con él se asocia a lo que, la geografía humanista denomina topofilia, es decir, el sentimiento de apego, de apropiación del espacio que liga a las personas a los lugares con los que se sienten identificados. Yi Fu Tuan considera que el paisaje trasciende lo personal para devenir en símbolos y, en este sentido, postulamos que es posible rastrear esos lazos en la obra de Oliverio Girondo. Al tiempo que es posible observarlos en el paisaje de los montes del Tordillo. Este trabajo de indagación bibliográfica se inscribe en un proyecto de investigación cualitativa de mayor envergadura que, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica y a través del método etnográfico y de entrevistas en profundidad así como caminatas perceptuales y vivenciales, indaga en las percepciones, subjetividades y horizontes de representaciones de los habitantes y de qué manera éstos coexisten con las huellas de los que lo habitaron y transitaron por el lugar en el pasado conformando un palimpsesto de resonancias de historias y relatos que configuran el paisaje cultural de los Montes del Tordillo.The following work aims to investigate the analogies between the landscape of the Montes del Tordillo and the poetic work of Oliverio Girondo. Our approach is carried out from the perspectives simultaneously: the traces of the landscape in his poems and, analogously, the traces of the bodies in the physiography of the montes. The starting hypothesis is that, even though he does not specify it in any of his poems, the Argentine poet knew in depth the landscape of the Montes del Tordillo so that his link with it is associated with what human geography calls topophilia, that is, the feeling of attachment, of appropriation of space that links people to the places with which they feel identified. Yi Fu Tuan considers that the landscape transcends the personal to become symbols and, in this sense, we postulate that it is possible to trace those links in the work of Oliverio Girondo. While it is possible to observe them in the landscape of the montes of Tordillo. This work of bibliographic research is part of a larger qualitative research project that, from the phenomenological perspective and through the ethnographic method and in-depth interviews as well as perceptual and experiential walks, investigates the perceptions, subjectivities and horizons of representations of the inhabitants and how they coexist with the traces of those who inhabited it and passed through the place in the past, forming a palimpsest of resonances of stories and stories that make up the cultural landscape of the Montes del Tordillo

Tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario: Progreso educativo

El propósito del trabajo fue analizar las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones en el proceso enseñanza–aprendizaje universitario como progreso educativo. Se indicó cómo se acrecienta el conocimiento tanto en los docentes y alumnos mediante el uso aplicativo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TIC). Asimismo, se destacó la necesidad de los docentes en mantener capacitaciones de forma sistemáticas para el uso de las TIC en aula y lo que representa como mecanismo de integración para la formación profesional. Finalmente, se describe la creación de habilidades binomiales entre docentes-estudiantes que posibilitan modificar el enfoque tradicional por enfoque de competencia durante la nueva enseñanza del siglo XXI

Attenuated variants of Lesch-Nyhan disease

Lesch–Nyhan disease is a neurogenetic disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The classic form of the disease is described by a characteristic syndrome that includes overproduction of uric acid, severe generalized dystonia, cognitive disability and self-injurious behaviour. In addition to the classic disease, variant forms of the disease occur wherein some clinical features are absent or unusually mild. The current studies provide the results of a prospective and multi-centre international study focusing on neurological manifestations of the largest cohort of Lesch–Nyhan disease variants evaluated to date, with 46 patients from 3 to 65 years of age coming from 34 families. All had evidence for overproduction of uric acid. Motor abnormalities were evident in 42 (91%), ranging from subtle clumsiness to severely disabling generalized dystonia. Cognitive function was affected in 31 (67%) but it was never severe. Though none exhibited self-injurious behaviours, many exhibited behaviours that were maladaptive. Only three patients had no evidence of neurological dysfunction. Our results were compared with a comprehensive review of 78 prior reports describing a total of 127 Lesch–Nyhan disease variants. Together these results define the spectrum of clinical features associated with hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. At one end of the spectrum are patients with classic Lesch–Nyhan disease and the full clinical phenotype. At the other end of the spectrum are patients with overproduction of uric acid but no apparent neurological or behavioural deficits. Inbetween are patients with varying degrees of motor, cognitive, or behavioural abnormalities. Recognition of this spectrum is valuable for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of all forms of hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency

The insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the Mekong region

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. Malaria transmission in the Mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. Consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A network for the monitoring of insecticide resistance, MALVECASIA, was set up in the Mekong region in order to assess the insecticide resistance status of the major malaria vectors in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. From 2003 till 2005, bioassays were performed on adult mosquitoes using the standard WHO susceptibility test with diagnostic concentrations of permethrin 0.75% and DDT 4%. Additional tests were done with pyrethroid insecticides applied by the different national malaria control programmes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Anopheles dirus s.s</it>., the main vector in forested malaria foci, was susceptible to permethrin. However, in central Vietnam, it showed possible resistance to type II pyrethroids. In the Mekong delta, <it>Anopheles epiroticus </it>was highly resistant to all pyrethroid insecticides tested. It was susceptible to DDT, except near Ho Chi Minh City where it showed possible DDT resistance. In Vietnam, pyrethroid susceptible and tolerant <it>Anopheles minimus s.l</it>. populations were found, whereas <it>An. minimus s.l</it>. from Cambodia, Laos and Thailand were susceptible. Only two <it>An. minimus s.l</it>. populations showed DDT tolerance. <it>Anopheles vagus </it>was found resistant to DDT and to several pyrethroids in Vietnam and Cambodia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first large scale, cross-country survey of insecticide resistance in <it>Anopheles </it>species in the Mekong Region. A unique baseline data on insecticide resistance for the Mekong region is now available, which enables the follow-up of trends in susceptibility status in the region and which will serve as the basis for further resistance management. Large differences in insecticide resistance status were observed among species and countries. In Vietnam, insecticide resistance was mainly observed in low or transmission-free areas, hence an immediate change of malaria vector control strategy is not required. Though, resistance management is important because the risk of migration of mosquitoes carrying resistance genes from non-endemic to endemic areas. Moreover, trends in resistance status should be carefully monitored and the impact of existing vector control tools on resistant populations should be assessed.</p

T-cell metagene predicts a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers

Introduction: Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) is often seen in breast cancer but its importance remains controversial. A positive correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and LI has been described, which was associated with a more favorable outcome. However, specific lymphocytes might also promote tumor progression by shifting the cytokine milieu in the tumor. Methods: Affymetrix HG-U133A microarray data of 1,781 primary breast cancer samples from 12 datasets were included. The correlation of immune system-related metagenes with different immune cells, clinical parameters, and survival was analyzed. Results: A large cluster of nearly 600 genes with functions in immune cells was consistently obtained in all datasets. Seven robust metagenes from this cluster can act as surrogate markers for the amount of different immune cell types in the breast cancer sample. An IgG metagene as a marker for B cells had no significant prognostic value. In contrast, a strong positive prognostic value for the T-cell surrogate marker (lymphocyte-specific kinase (LCK) metagene) was observed among all estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors and those ER-positive tumors with a HER2 overexpression. Moreover ER-negative tumors with high expression of both IgG and LCK metagenes seem to respond better to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: Precise definitions of the specific subtypes of immune cells in the tumor can be accomplished from microarray data. These surrogate markers define subgroups of tumors with different prognosis. Importantly, all known prognostic gene signatures uniformly assign poor prognosis to all ER-negative tumors. In contrast, the LCK metagene actually separates the ER-negative group into better or worse prognosis

Oliverio Girondo en el paisaje cultural de los Montes del Tordillo: estudio de las analogías existentes entre el paisaje en la poesía de Girondo y de su poesía en la fisiografía del lugar

El siguiente trabajo tiene por objeto indagar en las analogías existentes entre el paisaje de los Montes del Tordillo y la obra poética de Oliverio Girondo. Nuestro abordaje se realiza desde dos perspectivas en simultáneo: las huellas del paisaje en sus poemas y, de manera análoga, las huellas de aquéllos en la fisiografía de los montes. La hipótesis de partida es que, aun cuando no lo puntualice en ninguno de sus poemas, el poeta argentino conoció en profundidad el paisaje de los Montes del Tordillo de modo que su vínculo con él se asocia a lo que, la geografía humanista denomina topofilia, es decir, el sentimiento de apego, de apropiación del espacio que liga a las personas a los lugares con los que se sienten identificados. Yi Fu Tuan considera que el paisaje trasciende lo personal para devenir en símbolos y, en este sentido, postulamos que es posible rastrear esos lazos en la obra de Oliverio Girondo. Al tiempo que es posible observarlos en el paisaje de los montes del Tordillo. Este trabajo de indagación bibliográfica se inscribe en un proyecto de investigación cualitativa de mayor envergadura que, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica y a través del método etnográfico y de entrevistas en profundidad así como caminatas perceptuales y vivenciales, indaga en las percepciones, subjetividades y horizontes de representaciones de los habitantes y de qué manera éstos coexisten con las huellas de los que lo habitaron y transitaron por el lugar en el pasado conformando un palimpsesto de resonancias de historias y relatos que configuran el paisaje cultural de los Montes del Tordillo.The following work aims to investigate the analogies between the landscape of the Montes del Tordillo and the poetic work of Oliverio Girondo. Our approach is carried out from the perspectives simultaneously: the traces of the landscape in his poems and, analogously, the traces of the bodies in the physiography of the montes. The starting hypothesis is that, even though he does not specify it in any of his poems, the Argentine poet knew in depth the landscape of the Montes del Tordillo so that his link with it is associated with what human geography calls topophilia, that is, the feeling of attachment, of appropriation of space that links people to the places with which they feel identified. Yi Fu Tuan considers that the landscape transcends the personal to become symbols and, in this sense, we postulate that it is possible to trace those links in the work of Oliverio Girondo. While it is possible to observe them in the landscape of the montes of Tordillo. This work of bibliographic research is part of a larger qualitative research project that, from the phenomenological perspective and through the ethnographic method and in-depth interviews as well as perceptual and experiential walks, investigates the perceptions, subjectivities and horizons of representations of the inhabitants and how they coexist with the traces of those who inhabited it and passed through the place in the past, forming a palimpsest of resonances of stories and stories that make up the cultural landscape of the Montes del Tordillo