Tobacco Politics and Electoral Accountability in the United States

This paper investigates whether reputation-building strategies guide U.S. governors’ state cigarette tax choices, and whether the federal cigarette tax influences such behavior. Using 1975-2000 data, we find evidence that governors in states with relatively important agricultural tobacco production and tobacco manufacturing, and which are densely populated by smokers, appear prone to reputation-building. Moreover, lame ducks are more prone to raise the state cigarette tax the lower the federal tax

Bright soliton trains of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

We variationally determine the dynamics of bright soliton trains composed of harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interatomic interactions. In particular, we obtain the interaction potential between two solitons. We also discuss the formation of soliton trains due to the quantum mechanical phase fluctuations of a one-dimensional condensate.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR

Gubernatorial Reputation and Vertical Tax Externalities: All Smoke, No Fire?

This paper investigates whether reputation-building strategies guide U.S. governors’ responses to changes in federal cigarette taxes (i.e. vertical tax interactions). Using 1975-2000 state cigarette tax data, we find that reputation-building strategies affect the nature of vertical tax externalities. Lame duck governors exhibit a more negative response to changes in the federal cigarette tax. Thus, by reducing the state tax base and by causing a decline in the state tax, an increase in the federal tax rate reduces state tax revenues in states headed by lame ducks

The Psychobiological Correlates Of Panic Attacks During In Vivo Exposure

This study examined in detail the psychobiological correlates of panic attacks experienced in panic disorder with agoraphobia. The cognitions, affect, and physiology of the six patients were monitored during in vivo exposure to their phobic situations. The results from these case studies showed that catastrophic cognitions are the key component of panic attacks. However, there was no clear-cut evidence to support an interaction among cognitions, affect, and physiology, which has been postulated by cognitive theories to be the central component of panic attacks and panic disorder with agoraphobia

Are Politicians Office or Policy Motivated? The Case of U.S. Governors\u27 Environmental Policies

Are elected politicians primarily motivated by holding office, thus choosing environmental policies accordingly? Or are they motivated by the chance to implement their preferred environmental policies? Do governors have character, in the sense that they promise and implement environmental policies consistent with their own preferences? To answer these questions, we study the differences in environmental spending across both re-electable and lame duck governors from the two main political parties. In our empirical analysis, we make use of parametric and non-parametric regression-discontinuity approaches. While re-electable governors do not set significantly different policies, lame duck governors do. We argue that in the area of environmental policy governors appear to be primarily office motivated and lack character

Taxing Under the Influence? : Corruption and U.S. State Beer Taxes

This article examines the effect of state level corruption on state beer taxes in the United States. Our lobby group model predicts that corruption reduces the beer tax, but this effect is conditional on the level of alcohol-related vehicle deaths. Using a panel of state level data from 1982 to 2001, we find that increased corruption is associated with lower state beer tax rates. The magnitude of the effect, however, declines with increases in alcohol-related traffic deaths. Our findings suggest that future empirical work estimating the effect of alcohol taxes on alcohol-related traffic fatalities should treat alcohol taxes as endogenous

Beyond Patient Reported Pain: Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates Reproducible Cerebral Representation of Ongoing Post-Surgical Pain

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions on a ring

Considering an effectively attractive quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms confined in a toroidal trap, we find that the system undergoes a phase transition from a uniform to a localized state, as the magnitude of the coupling constant increases. Both the mean-field approximation, as well as a diagonalization scheme are used to attack the problem.Comment: 4 pages, 4 ps figures, RevTex, typographic errors correcte

Two-component Bose gas in an optical lattice at single-particle filling

The Bose-Hubbard model of a two-fold degenerate Bose gas is studied in an optical lattice with one particle per site and virtual tunneling to empty and doubly-occupied sites. An effective Hamiltonian for this system is derived within a continued-fraction approach. The ground state of the effective model is studied in mean-field approximation for a modulated optical lattice. A dimerized mean-field state gives a Mott insulator whereas the lattice without modulations develops long-range correlated phase fluctuations due to a Goldstone mode. This result is discussed in comparison with the superfluid and the Mott-insulating state of a single-component hard-core Bose.Comment: 11 page

Effectively attractive Bose-Einstein condensates in a rotating toroidal trap

We examine an effectively attractive quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms confined in a rotating toroidal trap, as the magnitude of the coupling constant and the rotational frequency are varied. Using both a variational mean-field approach, as well as a diagonalization technique, we identify the phase diagram between a uniform and a localized state and we describe the system in the two phases.Comment: 4 pages, 4 ps figures, RevTe