Evaluation and Improvement of Distribution System Reliability Indices using ETAP Software

Reliability assessment is the most important factor in designing and planning of distribution system that should operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. This is due to the fact that the distribution system provides the final link between a utility transmission system and its customers. It is observed that more than 80% of all customer interruptions occur (i.e., power quality issues) due to component failures in the distribution system. That report quantifies the expected reliability indices such as interruption frequency and interruption duration during the entire year. Many research findings are out there to assess the reliability of the power system. Further, due to the wide growth of distributed generation in electrical power, investigating their impact on system reliability, it becomes an attractive area of research. In this paper, the reliability evaluation of distribution system using a minimal cut set method based on the FMEA technique is described and applied to the IEEE RBTS Bus-2 and Indian practical distribution system (33/11 kV). Development of ETAP software is presented for calculating reliability indices. Further, improvement of reliability with introducing of Distributed Generation is presented. Reliability indices are load point indices and system indices which includes, System Average Interruption Frequency Indices (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Indices (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Frequency Indices (CAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Indices (CAIDI), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), etc. These indices are shows the reliability performance of the system

MEDICAL IMAGE FUSION USING WAVELET TRANSFORM VARIANTS

Fusion of Medical images derives useful information from medical images containing the data which has important clinical significance for doctors during their analysis. The idea behind the concept of image fusion is to improve the image content by fusing two images like MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) & CT (Computerised Tomography) images to provide useful &precise information for doctor for their clinical treatment. In this paper Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) method has been used to fuse two medical images to decompose the functional & anatomical images. The fused image contains both functional information and more spatial characteristics with no color distortion. In the proposed work different fusion experiments are performed on Medical images by using seven wavelet transform methods - Bior, coif, db, dmey, haar, rbio and sym. Further explores the comparison between all fused image using the measuring parameters Entropy & standard deviation. Experimental results show the best fusion performance is given by theSymlets (sym) wavelet transforms

Smart Calculation using Edge Computing

Number of things are getting connected to Internet so Necessity of data on Edge in Real-time and without latency, With Edge computing system we can perform Efficient Data processing has large amount of data and it reduces internet bandwidth. Edge computing is a new computing pattern in which fundamental compute and storage Resources are placed at Internet, Nearer to Mobile devices, Sensors and Internet of things (IOT) this will increase Latency. Definition of Edge computing as a Mesh Network of Micro-data centers that process or store critical temporarily and push all received data to central data or cloud storage, in a footprint of less than 100sqft with Edge computing abilities, System can perform Structured Data as large amount of data can be processed at or nearer the source. Edge computing allows Smart application and devices to respond to data which is been created. This is useful for Self-driving Cars and many more benefits for Business. Edge computing reduces volume of data that must be moved, traffic and the distance that data must travel it provides very low Latency and transmitted cost and the other use of Edge computing is clou Gaming where some aspects of game will run in cloud

An Experimental Study on Utilization of Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) and Waste Glass Powder in Concrete

Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources besides deforestation burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of green house gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of green house gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing, there is a need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. Consequently extensive research is on going into the use of cement replacements, using many waste materials industrial by products. Efforts have been made in the concrete industry to use waste glass as partial replacement of cement and also in recent years almost every mineral producing country is facing the problem of better utilization of mine waste because of its accumulation lack of suitable storage space. In this study, finely powdered waste glass from industries and Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) produced from mining areas are used as a partial replacement  of cement and fine aggregates in concrete respectively.  This work examines the possibility of using Glass powder and iron ore tailing as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in concrete. In the present study  Glass powder and Iron Ore Tailing  ( IOT )  are partially replaced by 10%, 20%, 30% and  40%  tested for its compressive, flexural strength for 7, 28 and 56 days of curing and were compared with those of conventional concrete. Keywords: Glass Powder – GP, Iron Ore Tailings – IOT, Conventional Concrete - C

REAL TIME ROOM AUTOMATION USING IOT DEVICE

The project aims to design an advanced Room automation system using Wireless technology. The devices can be switched ON/OFF using an Android phone through Wireless Technology - IOT. Automation is the most frequently spelled term in the field of electronics. The hunger for automation brought many revolutions in the existing technologies. These had greater importance than any other technologies due to their user-friendly nature. These can be used as a replacement for the existing switches in Room which produces sparks and also results in fire accidents in few situations. The proposed system develops the Wireless Technology – IOT based advanced automation system to control the appliances in the Room. Wireless Technology - IOT is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to transmit data through the air. Wireless Technology - IOT has initial speeds of 1mbps to 2mbps. Wireless Technology – IOT transmits data in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. Range of Wireless Technology – IOT technology is 40-300 feet. The controlling device for the automation in the project is a Microcontroller. The data sent from Mobile phone over Wireless Technology - IOT. Microcontroller reads the data and decides the switching action of electrical devices connected to it through Relay switches. All components are associated to micro controller Arduino. Arduino ESP8266 micro controller is used to process input and produce output by using ARDUINO IDE with Embedded C programming and operated through Regulated power supply which gives 5v of DC voltage to all hardware modules

Melanosis and quality attributes of chill stored farm raised whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Loss of market value of shrimp is mainly due to the formation of black spot called melanosis. A study was conducted for 14 days to determine the extent of melanosis and quality changes during that period of freshly har-vested whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under chilled storage (2?). Among quality parameters, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR-S), were varied from 13.17 mg % to 44.50 mg % and 0.04to 2.57 mg malondehaldehyde/kg of fat respectively whereas melanosis score and metric chroma (C) exhibited significant increases during chilled storage (P<0.05). There was a slight increase in moisture, crude fat and pH from 73.96 % to 74.57 %, 1.05 % to 1.14 % and 6.52 to 7.60 respectively at 14th day of storage. Loss of protein from 22.51 % to 21.28 % may be due to decrease in available amino acids during chilled storage and total plate count (TPC) showed gradual increase of bacterial load up to 1.73*107 log CFU/g at the end of chilled storage. The sensory analysis by panellists indicated, the acceptability of white leg shrimp was up to 6 days in chilled condition and formation of black spot is one of the major parameter for rejection by the panellists

Improving the Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Cs2InAgCl6 with Substitutional Doping: A DFT Insight

New generation Indium based lead-free Cs2InAgCl6 is a promising halide material in photovoltaic applications due to its good air stability and non-toxic behavior. But its wide band gap (>3 eV) is not suitable for solar spectrum and hence reducing the photoelectronic efficiency for device applications. Here we report a significant band gap reduction from 3.3 eV to 0.6 eV by substitutional doping and its effect on opto-electronic and opto-thermoelectric properties from first-principles study. The results predict that Sn/Pb and Ga & Cu co-doping enhance the density of states significantly near the valence band maximum (VBM) and thus reduce the band gap by shifting the VBM upward while the alkali-metals (K/Rb) slightly increase the band gap. A strong absorption peak near Shockley-Queisser limit is observed in co-doped case while in Sn/Pb-doped case, we notice a peak in the middle of the visible region of solar spectrum. The nature of band gap is indirect with Cu-Ga/Pb/Sn doping with a significant reduction in the band gap. We observe a significant increase in the power factor (PF) (2.03 mW/mK2) for n-type carrier in Pb-dpoing, which is ~3.5 times higher than the pristine case (0.6 mW/mK2) at 500 K