Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compounds onto coal-reject-derived adsorbents

Carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared by heat treatment of coal reject at 600 degrees C, after chemical treatment in HNO3, H2SO4, and NaOH at 25 and 75 degrees C. Pore structure characterization and the phenol adsorption capacities of the adsorbents showed that nitric acid pretreatment significantly enhanced the surface properties, consequently the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. A number of samples were subsequently prepared by carbonizing coal reject at 600 degrees C, after pretreatment in HNO3 under various conditions. The acid concentration, residence time, and reaction temperature were varied to obtain adsorbents with various pore structures. The adsorption capacities of the derived adsorbents for phenol, p-nitrophenol, and benzene were measured to gain further insights into the pore structure evolution. Adsorption isotherms of phenol, p-nitrophenol, and p-chlorophenol on the best adsorbent prepared were determined and correlated with theoretical isotherm equations, such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson equations

Formulation of a modified release metformin. HCl matrix tablet: influence of some hydrophilic polymers on release rate and in-vitro evaluation

Metformin hydrochloride is an antidiabetic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduces basal plasma levels of glucose. In this study, a simplex centroid experimental design with 69 runs was used to select the best combination of some hydrophilic polymers that rendered a 24 h in-vitro release profile of metformin.HCl. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was used to model the dissolution profiles since it presented the best fit to the experimental data. Further, a cubic model predicted the best formulation of metformin.HCl containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carrageenan, sodium alginate, and gum arabic at 6.26, 68.7, 6.26, 6.26, 6.26 and 6.26 % levels, respectively. The validation runs confirmed the accuracy of the cubic model with six components for predicting the best set of components which rendered a once-a-day modified release hydrophilic matrix tablet in compliance with the USP specifications.<br>O cloridrato de metformina é um agente antidiabético que melhora a tolerância à glicose em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 e reduz os níveis plasmáticos basais de glicose. Neste estudo, um projeto experimental do tipo "centróide simplex" com 69 tomadas foi usado para selecionar a melhor combinação de alguns polímeros hidrofílicos que gerou um perfil de liberação da metformina.HCl de 24 horas. O modelo Korsmeyer-Peppas foi usado para modelar os perfis de dissolução, uma vez que apresentou os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais. Além disso, um modelo cúbico previu a melhor formulação de metformina.HCl sendo aquela contendo polivinilpirrolidona, etilcelulose, hidroxipropilmetil celulose, carragena, alginato de sódio e goma arábica nos níveis 6.26, 68.7, 6.26, 6.26, 6.26 e 6.26 %, respectivamente. As corridas de validação confirmaram a precisão do modelo cúbico com os seis componentes para prever o melhor conjunto de componentes que originou uma libertação do tipo "uma vez ao dia" em conformidade com as especificações da USP, a partir de comprimidos matriciais