Divergent Routing of Positive and Negative Information from the Amygdala during Memory Retrieval

Although the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is known to play a critical role in the formation of memories of both positive and negative valence, the coding and routing of valence-related information is poorly understood. Here, we recorded BLA neurons during the retrieval of associative memories and used optogenetic-mediated phototagging to identify populations of neurons that synapse in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the central amygdala (CeA), or ventral hippocampus (vHPC). We found that despite heterogeneous neural responses within each population, the proportions of BLA-NAc neurons excited by reward predictive cues and of BLA-CeA neurons excited by aversion predictive cues were higher than within the entire BLA. Although the BLA-vHPC projection is known to drive behaviors of innate negative valence, these neurons did not preferentially code for learned negative valence. Together, these findings suggest that valence encoding in the BLA is at least partially mediated via divergent activity of anatomically defined neural populations.National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant R01-MH102441-01)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DP2-DK-102256-01

A review of some tumors of interest for demographic study in Hawaii.1974.

Because of its multiracial character, Hawaii presents a unique opportunity to carry out demographic investigations of the etiology of certain common cancers. Tumors with substantially different incidence rates among the major ethnic groups in the Islands, or between a given immigrant group and its country of origin, are of particular interest for such studies. Among the cancer sites meeting these criteria, nasopharynx, stomach, prostate, large bowel, liver, female breast, uterine corpus, ovary, bladder, and thyroid are particularly prominent.NCI-E-71-2170/CI/NCPDCID CDC HHS/United StatesNCI-E-71-2208/CI/NCPDCID CDC HHS/United State

Interaction between ABO and Rhesus blood groups, the site of origin of gastric cancers, and the age and sex of the patient

ABO and Rhesus blood group data have been examined for 1,680 patients treated for gastric cancer in four London hospitals. The risk of developing gastric cancer was estimated to be 16% higher for group A subjects than for group O subjects, in close agreement with many previous reports throughout the world. More detailed analysis failed to support the suggestion that there was any special correlation between either ABO or Rhesus blood groups and the site of origin of the tumour within the stomach or the sex or age of the patient. Male predominance among the patients was noted to be greater at ages 40-69 years than at other ages and greater for tumours of the upper two thirds of the stomach than for tumours that arose distally