36 research outputs found
Use of two inverse techniques. Application to a local structure in the New Hebrides island arc
Émission de noyaux 8Li et 9Li produits par un faisceau de π- de 17 Gev/c dans les noyaux lourds de l'émulsion ionographique
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Use of two inverse techniques. Application to a local structure in the New Hebrides island arc
Interference effects between N(1236) and K(891) production in the Kp K channel at 1.45 GeV/c
Angular correlations and distributions in pp annihilation into eight and nine pions at 4.7 GeV/c
A critical review of statistical methods for twin studies relating exposure to early life health conditions
When investigating disease etiology, twin data provide a unique opportunity to control for confounding and disentangling the role of the human genome and exposome. However, using appropriate statistical methods is fundamental for exploiting such potential. We aimed to critically review the statistical approaches used in twin studies relating exposure to early life health conditions. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (2011–2021). We identified 32 studies and nine classes of methods. Five were conditional approaches (within-pair analyses): additive-common-erratic (ACE) models (11 studies), generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs, five studies), generalized linear models (GLMs) with fixed pair effects (four studies), within-pair difference analyses (three studies), and paired-sample tests (two studies). Four were marginal approaches (unpaired analyses): generalized estimating equations (GEE) models (five studies), GLMs with cluster-robust standard errors (six studies), GLMs (one study), and independent-sample tests (one study). ACE models are suitable for assessing heritability but require adaptations for binary outcomes and repeated measurements. Conditional models can adjust by design for shared confounders, and GLMMs are suitable for repeated measurements. Marginal models may lead to invalid inference. By highlighting the strengths and limitations of commonly applied statistical methods, this review may be helpful for researchers using twin designs