90,566 research outputs found
Recent BES measurements and the hadronic contribution to the QED vacuum polarization
We have updated our evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the running of
the QED fine structure constant using the recent precise measurements of the
e+e- annihilation at the center-of-mass (c.m.s.) energy region between 2.6 and
3.65 GeV performed by the BES collaboration. In the low energy region, around
the rho resonance, we include the recent measurements from the BABAR, CDM-2,
KLOE and SND collaborations. We obtain Delta alpha (5)_had (s) = 0.02750 +/-
0.00033 at s = m_Z^2.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur
The heavy-element abundances of AGB stars and the angular momentum conservation model of wind accretion for barium stars
Adpoting new s-process nucleosynthesis scenario and branch s-process path, we
calculate the heavy-element abundances and C/O ratio of solar metallicity
3M_sun TP-AGB stars. The evolutionary sequence from M to S to C stars of AGB
stars is explained naturally by the calculated results. Then combining the
angular momentum conservation model of wind accretion with the heavy-element
abundances on the surface of TP-AGB stars, we calculate the heavy-element
overabundances of barium stars via successive pulsed accreting and mixing. Our
results support that the barium stars with longer orbital period, P>1600 days,
form through wind accretion scenario.Comment: 14 pages, LaTex, 17 PS figures included, accepted for publication in
A &
The wedding of modified dynamics and non-exotic dark matter in galaxy clusters
We summarize the status of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in galaxy
clusters. The observed acceleration is typically larger than the acceleration
threshold of MOND in the central regions, implying that some dark matter is
necessary to explain the mass discrepancy there. A plausible resolution of this
issue is that the unseen mass in MOND is in the form of ordinary neutrinos with
masses just below the experimentally detectable limit. In particular, we show
that the lensing mass reconstructions of the clusters 1E0657-56 (the bullet
cluster) and Cl0024+17 (the ring) do not pose a new challenge to this scenario.
However, the mass discrepancy for cool X-ray emitting groups, in which
neutrinos cannot cluster, pose a more serious problem, meaning that dark
baryons could present a more satisfactory solution to the problem of unseen
mass in MOND clusters.Comment: to appear in World Scientific, proceedings of DARK 200
Far-infrared study of K giants in the solar neighborhood: Connection between Li enrichment and mass-loss
We searched for a correlation between the two anomalous properties of K
giants: Li enhancement and IR excess from an unbiased survey of a large sample
of RGB stars. A sample of 2000 low-mass K giants with accurate astrometry from
the Hipparcos catalog was chosen for which Li abundances have been determined
from low-resolution spectra. Far-infrared data were collected from the
and catalogs. To probe the correlation between the two anomalies, we
supplemented 15 Li-rich K giants discovered from this sample with 25 known
Li-rich K giants from other studies. Dust shell evolutionary models and
spectral energy distributions were constructed using the code DUSTY to estimate
different dust shell properties, such as dust evolutionary time scales, dust
temperatures, and mass-loss rates. Among 2000 K giants, we found about two
dozen K giants with detectable far-IR excess, and surprisingly, none of them
are Li-rich. Similarly, the 15 new Li-rich K giants that were identified from
the same sample show no evidence of IR excess. Of the total 40 Li-rich K
giants, only 7 show IR excess. Important is that K giants with Li enhancement
and/or IR excess begin to appear only at the bump on the RGB. Results show that
K giants with IR excess are very rare, similar to K giants with Li enhancement.
This may be due to the rapid differential evolution of dust shell and Li
depletion compared to RGB evolutionary time scales. We also infer from the
results that during the bump evolution, giants probably undergo some internal
changes, which are perhaps the cause of mass-loss and Li-enhancement events.
However, the available observational results do not ascertain that these
properties are correlated. That a few Li-rich giants have IR excess seems to be
pure coincidence.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 6 figures, 5
tables, 19 page
Loss of mass and stability of galaxies in MOND
The self-binding energy and stability of a galaxy in MOND-based gravity are
curiously decreasing functions of its center of mass acceleration towards
neighbouring mass concentrations. A tentative indication of this breaking of
the Strong Equivalence Principle in field galaxies is the RAVE-observed escape
speed in the Milky Way. Another consequence is that satellites of field
galaxies will move on nearly Keplerian orbits at large radii (100 - 500 kpc),
with a declining speed below the asymptotically constant naive MOND prediction.
But consequences of an environment-sensitive gravity are even more severe in
clusters, where member galaxies accelerate fast: no more Dark-Halo-like
potential is present to support galaxies, meaning that extended axisymmetric
disks of gas and stars are likely unstable. These predicted reappearance of
asymptotic Keplerian velocity curves and disappearance of "stereotypic
galaxies" in clusters are falsifiable with targeted surveys.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, ApJ Letter
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