MICROSCOPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CRATEVA MAGNA (LOUR) DC. (LEAF)

Objective: Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of the bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and subsequently may lead to drug discovery and development. In the present study, the identity, purity and strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf), HPTLC, LC MS and phytochemical screening were analysed.Methods: Tests for Identity, Purity, and Strength of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) Botanical standards, Physicochemical constants such as Foreign matter, Total ash, moisture content, Acid insoluble ash, and water soluble ash and Extractive value such as Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Alcohol were determined. The Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of various extracts was also determined. HPTLC, LCMS ANALYSIS was analysed.Results: Microscopic studies T S of Crateva magna leaf shows the presence of prominent midrib, upper and lower epidermis and lamina. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of dry powder and aqueous extracts of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) showed the presence of flavones, steroids, glycosides, sugar, alkaloids, quinones, phenols, coumarin and lignin. HPTLC of an Aqueous extract of the Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf). LC MS spectrum indicates may be the presence of bioactive compounds.Conclusion: The results revealed that aqueous extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. (Leaf) has suitable for anti ulcer study

Method Development and Validation of Newer Analytical Techniques.

Pharmaceutical products formulated with more than one drug, typically referred to as combination products, are intended to meet previously unmet patients need by combining the therapeutic effects of two or more drugs in one product. These combination products can present daunting challenges to the analytical chemist responsible for the development and validation of analytical methods. The results drawn were confirmed by low percentage RSD values. The spectrophotometric method was found to be economical when compared to the HPLC and HPTLC method. But HPLC and HPTLC is more sensitive than UV spectrophotometric method. The low percentage RSD value in the recovery studies suggests that the excipients present in the dosage forms do not interfere in the analysis of formulation and hence all the methods are accurate. The linearity range, LOD, LOQ were less in HPLC and HPTLC method while compared to UV spectroscopic method. Hence it was suggested that the developed methods can be applied successfully for the routine quality control analysis for the simultaneous estimation of drugs in bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage form and the obtained results can be presented elsewhere

Rehabilitation of Narrow Ridge with Ridge Split using Piezotome V/S Rotary along with Bone Graft: A Clinical Comparative Study

AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the implant stability, bucco-lingual width of the alveolar ridge and marginal bone loss around implants, after ridge split technique and implant placement using piezoelectric bone surgery and rotary instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split mouth study design was done among 5 patients with bilateral partially edentulous sites with horizontal ridge deficiency in posterior mandibular arch. In control sites, ridge split procedure and implant site preparation done using traditional rotary instruments and in the experimental sites, ridge split procedure and implant site preparation done using piezoelectric device. Clinical parameters such as Implant stability, Bucco-lingual ridge width and Marginal bone loss around implants were recorded. RESULTS: There was an increase in implant stability in both piezo and rotary treated sites, but comparatively more in test site when compared to control site. There was also statistically significant increase in bucco-lingual width of the ridge in test sites in 3 months. There was no significant change in marginal bone level on both sites. CONCLUSION: The implant stability and bucco-lingual ridge width were comparatively more in test site than in control site which shows the efficiency of piezoelectric device. Overall, the test sites showed desirable results when compared to control sites

Method Development and Validation of Newer Analytical Techniques

Pharmaceutical products formulated with more than one drug, typically referred to as combination products, are intended to meet previously unmet patients need by combining the therapeutic effects of two or more drugs in one product. These combination products can present daunting challenges to the analytical chemist responsible for the development and validation of analytical methods. The results drawn were confirmed by low percentage RSD values. The spectrophotometric method was found to be economical when compared to the HPLC and HPTLC method. But HPLC and HPTLC is more sensitive than UV spectrophotometric method. The low percentage RSD value in the recovery studies suggests that the excipients present in the dosage forms do not interfere in the analysis of formulation and hence all the methods are accurate. The linearity range, LOD, LOQ were less in HPLC and HPTLC method while compared to UV spectroscopic method. Hence it was suggested that the developed methods can be applied successfully for the routine quality control analysis for the simultaneous estimation of drugs in bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage form and the obtained results can be presented elsewhere

A Study on Prevalence of Pericardial Effusion in Newly Diagnosed Adult Hypothyriod Patients

SUMMARY: 70 patients were included in this study • 65 cases were female, 5 cases were male. • Male female ratio has been found to be 1:13 • Most of the patients were found in the age group of 18 to 44 years. • 17% of the patients had pericardial effusion on echocardiography • 71% of patients complained of fatigue and malaise • Cardiovascular symptoms like dyspnea and chest pain were found in 14% of the patients and signs of pericardial effusion were found in 28% of the patients. • Macroglossia was found in 30% of the patients • Pericardial effusion was found more often in patients with more severe hypothyroidism when T3, T4 and TSH were used as tools to assess severity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pericardial effusion among newly detected hypothyroid patients was 17% • Age and sex of the patient were not found to be risk factors for the development of pericardial effusion among patients with hypothyroidism. • Clinical features of pericardial effusion show statistically significant association with its presence on echocardiogram. • Macroglossia was more commomly found in patients with Pericardial effusion. • ECG and CXR can be used to predict the presence of Pericardial effusion. • When serum thyroid hormone levels are used as a marker of severity, pericardial effusion is found more commonly in patients with more severe disease

CONSUMPTION OF ANTIBIOTICS AS SELF-MEDICATION FROM OVER-THE-COUNTER PURCHASE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ARUNKUMAR

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to find the reasons behind the practice of self-medication (SM) by the people with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs which are usually available in all medical stores. Methods: This article presents an empirical view of SM practice with OTC drugs. The research design of the study is descriptive, and the population of the study is customers who buy OTC drugs. The target population of this research is the common public who are all having the possibility to consume OTC drugs ever. The sampling technique used for this study is a systematic random sampling, and the sample size is 144. An instrument used for collecting data is a self-administered questionnaire and personal interview with the pharmacists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study results that most of the OTC customers consider SM is not a good practice, even though they practice SM of antibiotics in certain circumstances, due to reasons such as time-saving, convenience, cost saving, avoid waiting time to consult a doctor, easy and quick availability of antibiotics in neighbourhood drug stores, etc. Conclusion: The study concludes the reasons behind the SM practice and some remedies to overcome OTC drug-related problems from SM.Â

Partial Purification of Extracellular Amylase From Halotolerant Actinomycetes Streptomyces brasiliensis MML2028

Amylase is considered as an industrially important enzyme as it occupies the most important function in the food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries. The present study is concerned with the optimization, production and partial purification of halotolerant amylase from newly isolated Streptomyces brasiliensis MML2028, from Kelambakkam salt pan, Tamil Nadu, India. The primary screening was carried out by well diffusion assay to find the zone of lysis. The assay was observed for each media optimization by measuring the release of reducing sugar (RS) by the 3,5 dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method and expressed in the international unit (UI). Ammonium sulphate precipitation was used to partially purify the enzyme and then lyophilized. SDS-PAGE was performed to identify the molecular weight. The production medium was optimized with 1% of the starch substrate, 3% of NaCl at 24˚C and pH 9, and incubation of 9 days. The total activity of the partially purified α-amylase was observed to be 1806.9U/mL. The partially purified enzyme was more active with 3% NaCl, pH 8, and 24˚C which is known to be a halotolerant alkaline α-amylase. The enzyme showed tolerance towards magnesium, manganese ions, Triton x-100, and urea. De-inking of α-amylase showed good results proving that the enzyme activity is more efficient. Hence, the alkaliphilic amylase from Halotolerant actinomycetes S. Brasiliensis MML2028 could be a better microbial source that can be used in many industries, especially in paper and textiles

Spectrophotometric method for estimation of desvenlafaxine succinate in tablet dosage form

ABSTRACT Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A and B) for the determination of desvenlafaxine succinate in tablet dosage form are described. In the method A -Simple UV Spectrophotometric method, distilled water was used as solvent and shows absorption maxima at 224.5 nm. In the method B -Difference Spectrophotometric method, the proposed method is based on the principle that desvenlafaxine succinate can exhibit two different chemical form in basic and acidic medium that differ in the absorption spectra in basic and acidic medium. The difference spectrum of desvenlafaxine succinate in 0.01 M Sodium hydroxide was recorded by taking desvenlafaxine succinate in 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid solution as blank. The difference spectrum showed that the maxima at 240 nm and minima at 224.5 nm. The Beer's law range for method A is 5 -40 µg/mL and 8 -40 µg/mL for method B. The linear regression for method A and B are found to be 0.99992 and 0.99994 respectively. When tablet dosage form where analyzed, the results are obtained by the proposed methods are in good agreement with the labeled amount and the results were validated statistically

Molecular identification of scale insect (Eulecanium giganteum) in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a widely grown evergreen valuable medicinal, ornamental species planted in India. Scale insects are small herbivorous insects found on all continents and they are serious sap sucking pests of many ornamental plants. These scale insects are undetectable due to their tiny size, basic morphology, and polyphagous feeding nature. Hence, the management of these tiny insects become a serious concern across the globe. To afford a prospective solution to the problem, an accurate, simple, and developmental-stage-independent identification method is required, hence this study attempted the molecular identification of scale insect in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis using mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (mtCOI) sequencing. The experiment was carried out by isolating insect DNA using a modified CTAB method. Through two or three rounds of error-prone PCR followed by a steady procedure to amplify a mtCOI region. This region of mtCOI has been used as a standard DNA barcode for a diverse array of taxa. The confirmation has been done by sequencing of mtCOI which suggest the highest similarities with Eulecanium giganteum. This study addresses the questions of biodiversity and molecular characterization of scale insects. Further, the information obtained in this study provides baseline data for future crop improvement programs and integrated pest management strategies