Owidiusz w "Biesiadzie" Dantego. Kilka uwag o poetyckiej tożsamości Dantego Alighieri

Dante Alighieri was well educated in literature, rhetoric, philosophy and theology. His long reading list could not lack the works of the classical authors, especially the Ovid’s one. The wellknown Florentine demonstrated his extensive knowledge many times in his works, particularly in The Banquet. This work was conceived as his summa philosophiae but from his fifteen planned treatises he wrote only four. Among many works quoted by Dante in his treatises there was also the Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the quotations and mentions on the Ovid’s poetic work from The Banquet and to define their functions in the Dante’s work

La visione di mania umana e divina in Platone (The concept of divine and human “mania” in the Platonic dialogues)

In this article will be discussed the passages of the Platonic dialogues that give information about the way in which the philosopher understood the term “mania”. Particularly important is the reflection on this subject contained in Phaedrus in which different kinds of madness were distinguished and briefly characterized. Especially the essential is the concept of poetic inspiration because it takes an important place in Plato’s theoretical and literary thought. It had also a significant influence on shaping his opinions on the subject of poets and their work. The Plato’s term of poetic inspiration and connected with it the issues of literary output and its reception make the fundamental part of this article

The Dramatic Prologues in the Narrative Dialogues of Plato

In Plato’s diegetic dialogues, as well as in dramatic works, you can find a distinctive feature, an autonomous part opening the work, which is usually called “a prologue”. This term is taken from an ancient Greek drama and means in literal translation “before the content”. In dramatic scenes, which precede the main narrative part of Plato’s dialogues, one of the characters is so interested in the discussion held by Socrates in more or less distant past, that he asks the discussion participant or the person who has some knowledge about it to relate him the debate. The aim of this analysis are the prologues in Protagoras, Phaedo, Symposium, Euthydemus and Theaetetus to answer the question what function in Plato’s dialogue structure they play

The concept of divine and human “mania” in the Platonic dialogues

Plato in his dialogues presents a complex picture of madness although he does not give the definition of the phenomenon. The philosopher singles out two main kinds of madness: divine and human appropriately to the factors which create them – divine inspiration or imperfection of human nature. In Plato’s concept “mania” takes form of poetic inspiration, love, a gift of prophecy, a dance and mental illness. The picture of a human being deprived his senses makes an important motive of his theoretical and literary deliberations. It is also a point of reference or an example illustrating the main line of deliberation as for instance in the “Laws”.In this article will be discussed the passages of the Platonic dialogues that give information about the way in which the philosopher understood the term “mania”. Particularly important is the reflection on this subject contained in Phaedrus in which different kinds of madness were distinguished and briefly characterized. Especially the essential is the concept of poetic inspiration because it takes an important place in Plato’s theoretical and literary thought. It had also a significant influence on shaping his opinions on the subject of poets and their work. The Plato’s term of poetic inspiration and connected with it the issues of literary output and its reception make the fundamental part of this article.Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latina

The Function and Importance of the Prologue in the Plato’s „Protagoras”

Plato’s Protagoras belongs to the most read and analyzed works of the philosopher. Interest is aroused not only by the content of the work, but also by its form: diligent composition, elaborate descriptions of characters and dramatic nature of separate scenes, although the work belongs to the group of narrative dialogues. The aim of this article is to analyze the prologue of Protagoras, which consists of five scenes (309a–316a), to answer the question what function they have and how important role they play in this dialogue

Aristotle’s „Symposium” – Analysis of Selected Testimonies and Fragments of Stagyrite’s Dialogue

Among the works of Aristotle there are also dialogues, a literary genre, represented in ancient Greek literature above all by Plato. Although Aristotelian dialogues were not preserved to our times, on the basis of mentions found in the works of other ancient authors, an image of form and content of Aristotle’s dialogues may be drawn. The article aims to analyze selected testimonies and fragments concerning Aristotle’s Symposium, and to discuss motives and topics which appear in the dialogue of Plato’s pupil

Platońska wizja starości. Przedstawienie osób w podeszłym wieku w Politei i Prawach Platona. (The Platonic vision of the old age. The depiction of the people of advanced age in the Plato’s Republic and Laws)

Plato who is an excellent expert of the human nature, makes the subject of his interest the old age and the life of the people of advanced age as well. The reflection on the fate of the old people is not the main subject of deliberation in the Plato’s dialogues but appears mainly in the context of the social and political conception of the ideal state. The issues connected with the life and function of the old people in social structures are the subject of the discussion e.g. in the Laws. Plato presents not only his theoretical deliberation about the old age but also makes the old men the interlocutors in his dialogues to depict the portrait of the members of the oldest social group and to portrait their attitude to life and the passing of time. Cephalus who resigned himself to his fate in the Republic, three old men who make an effort to enact the just code of laws in the Platonic Laws, or old Socrates, who in the Crito and Phaedo waits for the death penalty, faithful to his ideals to the end of his days. These are only a few examples of the elderly people, presented by philosopher, who become embedded in the memory of the readers of the Platonic dialogues. The aim of this article is to provide the answers to the questions, how is the old age perceived by Plato and what social role the elderly people fulfill in his idealisticconception of the state. I will also consider the way in which Plato portrayed the old people who were the main characters in the Republic and Laws

The Depiction of Sparta and its Residents in Plato’s Dialogues

In this paper were collected and discussed the passages of Plato’s dialogues, which present information about everyday life, social and political system and education of the ancient Spartans. In the last part of this paper the characterization of Megillos was presented, the only representative of Sparta, who is introduced by Plato in his Laws as a discussion participant. The aim of this paper is the answer to the question what view of Sparta and its citizens emerges from the works of Athenian philosopher

Plato’s The Republic recovered. A few ethical, economic and social aspects in contemporary dialogues

The main purpose of the article is the presentation and interpretation of some ethical, economic and social aspects in the works of Plato. The division of labour, wealth, the meaning of money, use of interest and paying taxes are the most interesting problems in Plato’s vision of The Republic. There one can also find some current problems such as the attitude of citizens towards their states, the ethical standards required of the authorities or the role of women. This article was written in the form of a dialogue; the same as the works of Plato.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

A reverse-genetics mutational analysis of the barley HvDWARF gene results in identification of a series of alleles and mutants with short stature of various degree and disturbance in BR biosynthesis allowing a new insight into the process

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones, regulating a broad range of physiological processes. The largest amount of data related with BR biosynthesis has been gathered in Arabidopsis thaliana, however understanding of this process is far less elucidated in monocot crops. Up to now, only four barley genes implicated in BR biosynthesis have been identified. Two of them, HvDWARF and HvBRD, encode BR-6-oxidases catalyzing biosynthesis of castasterone, but their relation is not yet understood. In the present study, the identification of the HvDWARF genomic sequence, its mutational and functional analysis and characterization of new mutants are reported. Various types of mutations located in different positions within functional domains were identified and characterized. Analysis of their impact on phenotype of the mutants was performed. The identified homozygous mutants show reduced height of various degree and disrupted skotomorphogenesis. Mutational analysis of the HvDWARF gene with the “reverse genetics” approach allowed for its detailed functional analysis at the level of protein functional domains. The HvDWARF gene function and mutants’ phenotypes were also validated by measurement of endogenous BR concentration. These results allowed a new insight into the BR biosynthesis in barley