2 research outputs found

    The elasticity of capital-land substitution in the housing construction sector of a rapidly urbanized city: Evidence from Turkey

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    This paper estimates the elasticity of capital-land substitution for the housing market in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. Using constant elasticity of substitution (CES) and variable elasticity of substitution (VES) production functions and cross-section data, the paper provides new information to compare the housing supply elasticity of Ankara with that of the USA and the UK cases. Our regression results reveal that housing supply in Ankara is highly inelastic due to the uniform construction regime of local authorities. Moreover, we find that there is a considerable spatial differentiation of urban land density measures within the capital city. Because of the incomplete urbanization process, the elasticity of capital-land substitution is significantly higher in the outer parts of the city.</p

    St臋偶enia transformuj膮cego czynnika wzrostu 尾1 i bia艂ka C-reaktywnego u chorych na migren臋

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    Background and purpose Migraine is a frequent form of headache. Although many mechanisms describing onset of migraine with and without visual aura have been suggested, the aetiology of migraine headaches is still not clear. Neurogenic inflammation may play a key role in the development of migraine headaches. We evaluated the discriminative power of serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-尾1) in patients who presented to our clinic with migraine headaches with or without visual aura. Material and methods We designed a prospective case-control study of 51 patients with migraine (27 with migraine with aura and 24 with migraine without aura; all had headache) and compared them with 27 healthy subjects during the study period. Demographic and clinical characteristics recorded were age, sex, marital status, occupation, characteristics of headache, laboratory values, and serum CRP and TGF-尾1 levels. Statistical analyses used Student t-test, the 蠂2 test, and ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC)-curve analysis for CRP and TGF-尾1 was also conducted. Results There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics, marital status, and socioeconomic status. Statistically, white blood cell levels, serum glucose levels, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein levels, and serum CRP and TGF-尾1 were significantly higher in patients with migraine (p &lt; 0.05). The ROC curve results in this study identified that CRP and TGF-尾1 may discriminate patients who have different types of migraine headache. Conclusions This study suggests that serum CRP and TGF-尾1 levels may be diagnostic factors to differentiate migraine patients with and without aura. These findings show that neurogenic inflammation may have a role in the aetiology of migraines.Wst臋p i cel pracy Migrena jest cz臋st膮 postaci膮 b贸l贸w g艂owy. Wskazywano wiele mechanizm贸w bior膮cych udzia艂 w inicjowaniu napadu migreny z aur膮 wzrokow膮 lub migreny bez aury, ale etiologia migrenowych b贸l贸w g艂owy nadal pozostaje niejasna. Kluczow膮 rol臋 w rozwoju migreny mo偶e odgrywa膰 zapalenie neurogenne. W pracy oceniono moc dyskryminacyjn膮 st臋偶e艅 bia艂ka C-reaktywnego (CRP) i transformuj膮cego czynnika wzrostu 尾1 w surowicy pacjent贸w, kt贸rzy zg艂aszali si臋 do poradni z powodu b贸l贸w g艂owy w przebiegu migreny z aur膮 wzrokow膮 lub bez aury. Materia艂 i metody W prospektywnym badaniu klinicznym z grup膮 kontroln膮 wzi臋艂o udzia艂 51 chorych na migren臋 (27 os贸b z migren膮 z aur膮 oraz 24 osoby z migren膮 bez aury; u wszystkich wyst臋powa艂 b贸l g艂owy) oraz 27 os贸b zdrowych. Rejestrowane zmienne demograficzne i kliniczne obejmowa艂y: wiek, p艂e膰, stan cywilny, zaw贸d, charakterystyk臋 b贸lu g艂owy oraz wyniki bada艅 laboratoryjnych, w tym st臋偶e艅 CRP i TGF-尾1 w surowicy. W analizach statystycznych wykorzystano test t Studenta, test 蠂2 oraz analiz臋 wariancji z testem post-hoc Bonferroniego ze wzgl臋du na mnogie por贸wnania. Przeprowadzono r贸wnie偶 analiz臋 krzywych ROC dla CRP i TGF-尾1. Wyniki Nie stwierdzono r贸偶nic mi臋dzy grupami w odniesieniu do charakterystyki demograficznej, stanu cywilnego lub spo艂eczno-ekonomicznego. U chorych na migren臋 obserwowano wi臋ksz膮 liczb臋 leukocyt贸w we krwi obwodowej oraz wi臋ksze st臋偶enia glukozy, trigliceryd贸w, lipoprotein o du偶ej g臋sto艣ci, CRP i TGF-尾1 (p &lt; 0,05). W analizie krzywych ROC stwierdzono, 偶e CRP i TGF-尾1 mog膮 s艂u偶y膰 do rozr贸偶niania pacjent贸w z r贸偶nymi rodzajami b贸l贸w g艂owy. Wnioski Wyniki badania wskazuj膮, 偶e st臋偶enia CRP i TGF-尾1 mog膮 s艂u偶y膰 do odr贸偶niania pacjent贸w z migren膮 z aur膮 od chorych na migren臋 bez aury. Wyniki te sugeruj膮, 偶e zapalenie neurogenne mo偶e odgrywa膰 rol臋 w etiologii migreny
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