Ganglion cell complex thickness in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration

Purpose To evaluate ganglion cell complex(GCC) thickness with spectral domain opticalcoherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes withnonexudative age-related maculardegeneration (NEAMD).Methods Forty-seven eyes of 28 patientswith nonexudative age-related maculardegeneration (NEAMD) and 54 eyes of 28age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled.Each subject underwent a completeophthalmic examination before SD-OCT wereobtained. Macular scans were taken withsoftware version 6.0 of the ganglion cellanalysis (GCA) algorithm. GCC thickness wasevaluated automatically as the average,minimum, temporal superior, superior, nasalsuperior, nasal inferior, inferior, andtemporal-inferior segments by SD-OCT andparameters were compared between groups.Results The mean age was 68.7±8.73 yearsin patient group, and 61.51±5.66 years incontrol group. There were no significantdifferences in mean age, gender distribution,intraocular pressure, and sferic equivalent atimaging between the groups (P40.05). Themean (±SD) GCC thicknesses were asfollows; average 71.53±16.53 µm, minumum62.36±21.51 µm, temporal superior72.23±14.60 µm, superior 72.76±20.40 µm,nasal superior 72.31±20.13 µm, nasal inferior69.74±20.51 µm, inferior 69.38±19.03 µm, andtemporal-inferior 73.12±15.44 µm in patientgroup. Corresponding values in control groupwere 81.46±4.90 µm, 78.66±6.00 µm,81.51±4.66 µm, 82.94±5.14 µm,81.79±5.86 µm, 80.94±6.18 µm,80.14±6.30 µm, and 81.75±5.26 µm,respectively. There were significantdifferences between two groups in eachsegments (Mann–Whitney U-test, Po0.05).Conclusion The average GCC thicknessvalues (in all segments) of NEAMD patients were lower than control group. NEAMD,which is considered as a disease of outerlayers of retina, may be accompanied witha decrease of ganglion cell thickness, so innerlayers of retina may be affected

Relationship Between Peripapillary Atrophy and Optic Disc Parameters in Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Pur po se: To evaluate the relationship between peripapillary atrophy and optic disc parameters measured by Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) and visual field findings in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were included in this study. In addition to routine ophthalmic examination, optic disc parameters were evaluated with HRT and visual field was evaluated with Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. Peripapillary atrophy area was measured by drawing contour of the border of the peripapillary atrophy (Beta zone: chorioretinal atrophy area in which sclera and big choroid blood vessels were seen) in HRT. The relationship between this atrophy area and both visual field findings and optic disc parameters was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and statistical significance were calculated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.4±8.9 years. Measured beta zone area was 0.65±0.40 mm2. Mean deviation measured with Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer was -8.6±8.2 dB and pattern standard deviation was 6.4±4.6. Statistically significant correlation between peripapillary atrophy area and age (PC=0.495, p=0.005), mean deviation (PC=-0.554, p=0.001), cup area (PC=0.382, p=0.037), cup/disc area ratio (PC=0.562, p=0.001), linear cup/disc area ratio (PC=0.422, p=0.020) and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (PC=-0.360, p=0.047) was found. There was not a significant relationship between other optic disc parameters and peripapillary atrophy area (p>0.05). Conclusion: Significant correlation was seen between peripapillary beta zone atrophy area and some important optic disk parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. More meaningful information would have been obtained if sectoral investigation of the optic disc was performed. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 291-4

Evaluation of Macular Thickness and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer by Optical Coherence Tomography in Cases with Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia

Pur po se: To measure the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in amblyopic eyes of unilateral strabismic and anisometropic patients and to compare the results with those of their normal eyes and with a control group. Ma te ri al and Met hod: 30 strabismic and 30 anisometropic amblyopic patients who were followed by Atatürk Training and Research Hospital Strabismus section between September 2009 and February 2010 and 30 healthy children who were examined in the out-patient clinic were included in the study. The amblyopic eyes of the amblyopic patients were compared with their normal eyes andwith the right eyes of the healthy patients. After detailed ophthalmologic examination, macular thickness, central foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal volumes and RNFL thickness of the cases were measured with OCT and compared statistically. A p-value of less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Re sults: Foveal volume of the amblyopic eyes of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopic cases (0.20mm3; 0.21mm3, respectively) was statistically higher than in the control group (0.19 mm3) (p=0.002).As the level of amblyopia increased, there was an increase in foveal volume. Central foveal thickness (CFT) of the amblyopic eyes of strabismic and amblyopic patients (258 μm and 260 μm, respectively) was higher than in the control group (244 μm), which was statistically significant difference (p=0.010). Similarly, as the level of amblyopia increased, there was an increase in CFT. When strabismic and amblyopic cases were compared, no statistical difference was observed between foveal volumes (central-parafoveal-perifoveal) and CFT results (p>0.05). There was no difference in RNFL thickness of strabismic, anisometropic and control cases (p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was detected between the normal eyes of the amblyopic patients and the control group (p>0.05). Dis cus si on: Although the primary site of deficit is in the visual cortex in amblyopia, secondary changes occur in the retina as well. While RNFL thickness does not differ from that in normal eyes, the thickness and volume of the fovea of amblyopic eyes are higher than in normal individuals. As a result, amblyopia not only affects the visual cortex, but gives rise to secondary changes at retinal level. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 318-24

Evaluating of Tear Meniscus Parameters with Optical Coherent Tomography in Dry-Eye Patients

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in meniscus parameters with optical coherence tomography (OCT) after treatment and consider the correlation between the OCT parameters and dry-eye tests. Material and Method: Thirty-two dry-eye patients and 30 healthy individuals were included. Visual acuities, biomicroscopic evaluation, Schirmer-I test, tear-break-up time (T-BUT), and lower-tear meniscus parameters measured with OCT were evaluated. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was performed. The measurements were repeated on the 10th day and 1st month of the treatment. Lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), depth (LTMD), area (LTMA) and α-angle were measured. The tear meniscus parameters of the dry-eye group were compared with the control group before treatment, and the correlation between the dry-eye tests and OCT measurements were evaluated. The change in the results of the dry-eye tests and OCT measurements with treatment were assessed. Results: There was statistically no significant difference between the age and gender of the patients in groups. Before treatment the mean Schirmer-I test, TBUT and OSDI scores were different. The LTMH and LTMA were higher in the control group. In the dry-eye group before treatment, there was a negative correlation between the OSDI score and OCT parameters, however, no meaningful correlation was observed between any other test and OCT parameters. Although there were no change in LTMD and α-angle with treatment, the 1st month values of LTMH and LTMA were significantly higher from the pre-treatment and 10th day values. Discussion: When diagnosing dry-eye, TBUT and OSDI scores were found to be more effective compared to Schirmer-I test for the diagnosis of dry eye. Although not adequate by itself, tear meniscus parameters measured with OCT, LTMH and LTMA, may be helpful for evaluating the efficacy of treatment, and the correlation of these two parameters with the OSDI score may increase the objectivity while questioning the symptoms. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 258-62

Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in a Case with AcutePosterior Multifocal PlacoidPigment Epithelıopathy

Akut posterior multifokal plakoid pigment epitelyopati (APM-PPE) sağlıklı genç yetişkinleri etkileyen, retina pigment epiteli ve koroid seviyesinde akut başlangıçlı çok sayıda soluk sarı-be-yaz renkli plak benzeri lezyonlarla karakterize nadir bir hasta-lık olarak tanımlanmıştır. Günümüzde spektral domain optik koherens tomografi (SD-OKT) gelişmiş çözünürlükle benzersiz görüntüler sağlamakta ve retina katmanlarının ayrıntılı değer-lendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada APMPPE tanısı olan bir olgunun SD-OKT bulguları sunulmuşturAcute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APM-PPE) has been described as an uncommon disorder that affects healthy young adults and characterized by acute onset of mul-tiple pale yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of retina pig-ment epithelium and choroid. Currently spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) enables unprecedented images with improved resolution and mapping of individual retinal la-yers. In this study, SD-OCT findings of a patient with APMPPE are presented