Is It How You Look or Speak That Matters? - An Experimental Study Exploring the Mechanisms of Ethnic Discrimination

Using a unique laboratory experiment where subjects are asked to guess the test performance of candidates presented by facial portraits and voice messages, this paper explores the following questions: Are beliefs about performance affected by if a candidate is perceived to have looks that are non-stereotypical for the dominant population and do these beliefs change if the candidate has native-like versus accented speech? The experiment is conducted in Sweden and the results show that candidates not perceived as stereotypically Swedish are considered to be worse performers. These beliefs are found in within-gender but not in cross-gender evaluations and are not eliminated when additional performance-related information about the candidates is provided. When candidates are presented by both looks and speech, differential evaluations based on looks disappear. Instead, we find strong negative beliefs about performance for candidates that speak Swedish with a foreign accent implying that ethnic stereotypes associated with speech override stereotypes associated with appearance. The negative beliefs associated with foreign-accented speech are not supported by corresponding mean differences in the candidates’ actual test performance.Experiment; Appearance; Speech; Beliefs; Performance; Stereotypes

Do Domestic Educations Even Out the Playing Field? Ethnic Labor Market Gaps in Sweden

The importance of investing in host country-specific human capital such as domestic language proficiency and domestic education is often cited as a determining factor for the labor market success of immigrants. This suggests that entirely domestic educations should even out the playing field providing equal labor market opportunities for natives and immigrants with similar (domestic) educations. This study follows a cohort of students from Swedish compulsory school graduation in 1988 until 2002 in order to document ethnic differences in education, including grades and field of education, and subsequent labor market outcomes. Results indicate both initial differences in youth labor market status and long term differences in employment rates, most notably for those with Non-European backgrounds. Differences in level or field of domestic education cannot explain persistent employment gaps. However, employment gaps are driven by differences among those with secondary school only. No employment or income gaps are found for the university educated.Ethnic minorities; Education; Employment; Discrimination

Awareness of Turkish society about accessible tourism

Turkey is among the countries which cannot have a share of accessible tourism although it is challenging and has a big market in tourism. People with disabilities represent a significant market share and Turkey can have a share of this market to increase its tourism revenues. Aim of this study is to present the awareness level of Turkish society about accessible tourism. This study concluded that Turkish society has an awareness of accessible tourism, but tourism establishments are required to make improvements both in service and structure.Turquía se encuentra entre los países que no pueden tener una cuota de turismo accesible, aunque es un desafío y tiene un gran mercado turístico. La gente con discapacidades representa una significante parte del mercado y Turquía puede participar de este mercado para aumentar sus ingresos turísticos. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el nivel de concienciación de la sociedad turca sobre el turismo accesible. Este estudio concluye que la sociedad turca tiene conocimiento del turismo accesible, pero requiere mejorar elementos de servicio y estructura

Information passing in healthcare social networks

In recent years, social networks have become one of the most influential developments in our lives. In this paper, we investigate trust relationships and information passing in online social networks that focus on health. Our results are based on a social network called doktorsitesi.com which is the one of the largest online social networks in Turkey about healthcare that is managed by professionals. We show that there is a connection among patients in terms of information passing in doktorlarsitesi.com and quantify this information passing. Our findings implicate that healthcare interactions are embedded in social networks, and the results on the existence of information passing on other types of e-commerce social networks also apply to healthcare social networks.Publisher's Versio

Gender Mainstreaming

As a strategy to promote gender equality, gender mainstreaming has received considerable attention worldwide. The language of gender mainstreaming has been quickly adopted (True and Mintrom 2001), which is why, in the beginning, many hopes were pinned on this strategy. Scholars have shown that gender mainstreaming has triggered organizational and procedural changes within state bureaucracies, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations. Gender equality units have been established, new policy tools have been introduced, and new procedures have been created. But feminist scholars also have shown that, all these changes notwithstanding, gender mainstreaming has not proven to be successful in achieving gender equality (cf. True and Parisi 2013). More than 15 years after the adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action, there are serious problems in translating the commitment into action. This is, as many scholars argue, not only a result of institutional and political resistance to substantially changing gender relations, but also a matter of conceptual clarity (Daly 2005; Lombardo and Meier 2006; Meier and Celis 2011; Subrahmanian 2004)

Learning Organizations as Predictors of Academic Achievement: An Analysis on Secondary Schools

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between academic achievement of secondary school students (graduation and transition to higher education) and perceptions of school administrators and teachers on schools as learning organizations. The research is conducted within relational survey method. The “Level of Realization of the Determination scale for Learning Organization Disciplines’ at Organizations” which was developed by Türkoğlu (2002) and “Demographic Information Form” which was developed by the researcher were used for data collection. For the research, 565 school administrators and teachers were chosen according to cluster sampling method along with 1799 students that attend the schools of those which were included in the research. Findings have shown that participants’ learning organization perception levels are at ‘generally’ level. The discipline with highest average is learning as a team. While perception level of the participants doesn’t show a significant difference according to gender, it showed a significant difference according to the variables of work, institution that they work at and seniority. The participants whose professional experience is 21 years and above, those who work at private schools and administrators’ learning organization perception level is higher. The results of the research have shown that there is a positively low level relation between points of schools’ learning organization and students’ graduation and transition to a higher education (TEOG) points. Simple linear regression analysis have shown that schools’ learning organization points predict students’ graduation and transition to a higher education (TEOG) achievement. These results have shown that in order to enhance students’ academic achievement much more emphasis must be put on the fact of learning organizations at schools. These results indicate that in order to increase academic success of students, it is required to increase schools’ capacity as learning organizations

Short-time Suzuki reactions of arly halides catalyzed by palladium-loaded NaY zeolite under aerobic conditions

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry, İzmir, 2006Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 71-81)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 131 leavesThe palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction is a powerful methods used in the synthesis of biaryl compounds.In this study, the Suzuki reactions of aryl bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acid were carried out over a Pd(NH3)42+-loaded NaY type zeolite. On the basis of our results, the Pd(NH3)42+-loaded NaY zeolite was found to be highly active for the Suzuki reactions of wide range of aryl bromides and electron poor aryl chlorides at low Pd concentrations (0.1-0.001mol %Pd), in air and at short times (5-45 minutes). The presence of relatively large amount of zeolite (1-4 g) was crucial for the success of the reactions with aryl chlorides. It was determined that there was a synergistic effect of the water- zeolite pair on the reaction rate.It was found that reactions were catalyzed dissolved palladium species. However,the palladium was largely recovered and only traces of palladium remained within the solution at the end of reaction (<0.8 ppm)

Is Migration Feminized?

In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities.In the context of Turkey’s accession to the EU, the issue of potential migration from Turkey and its impact upon European labor markets became one of the concerns of the EU, considering Turkey’s growing population and young labor force. In 2011, half a century after the bi-lateral agreement between Turkey and Germany on labor recruitment in 1961, migration plays a key role in relations of Turkey with the EU and will even increase its significance – not necessarily for the next fifty years but certainly for the next decade. This book touches upon various aspects of the ongoing debate about the effects of Turkey’s accession to the EU upon the migration flows and sheds light on various dimensions of current panorama, addresses policy implications as well as future challenges and opportunities