Preclinical evaluation of scorzonera sp root extracts and major compounds against acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride

WOS: 000419284200007Evaluation of hepatoprotective activities of Scorzonera roots and their major compounds, was aimed in current study. Scorzonera latifolia, S. tomentosa, S. mollis ssp. szowitsii, S. parviflora and S. cana var. jacquiniana roots, methanol-water (80:20) extracts together with chlorogenic acid, scorzotomentosin-4'-O-beta-glucoside, hydrangenol-8-O-beta-glucoside as major compounds isolated from S. latifolia roots were tested for their hepatoprotective activities. Sprague Dawley rats were used for experiment and hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were measured and all results were confirmed by histopathological examination. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels of examined groups were not significant when compared to carbon tetrachloride-treated groups. However histopathological results have revealed that all tested groups have less damage when compared to carbon tetrachloride group except scorzotomentosin-4'-O-beta-glucoside and hydrangenol-8-O-beta-glucoside groups. Scorzonera species displayed moderate hepatoprotective activities against carbon tetrachloride induced acute toxicity. Chlorogenic acid, among tested compounds exhibited higher activity than all tested Scorzonera species as well as other isolated compounds. Therefore chlorogenic acid could be suggested as responsible compound

Investigation of antimicrobial activities of some herbs containing essential oils and their mouthwash formulations

WOS: 000450780900020Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare pharmaceutical formulations of mouthwashes and to examine the antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from plants used traditionally in Turkey for oral infections. Materials and Methods: Essential oils were obtained from herbal drugs using water distillation with Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial capacities of mouthwash formulations containing a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5% and 9.0% were examined using disc diffusion and microbroth dilutions. Results: The inhibition zone diameters were determined to vary between 7 and 59 mm. The static and cidal activity was generally 50% and greater than 50% when pure essential oil samples were applied on microorganism specimens. Formulation F2, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5%, showed 6.25% minimum bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and 3.125% the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration on all other microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect of pure essential oil samples applied on microorganisms was lower than of mouthwashes formulations; the antimicrobial effect of F2, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 4.5% was higher than formulation F1, which contained a mixture of essential oils with proportions of 9%. Conclusion: The results obtained by these methods allow us to conclude that the essential oils and the prepared F1 and F2 mouthwash formulations exerted activity against microorganisms affecting the oral cavity. The F2 formulation also had significant antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms