Comparación social y autoevaluación desde un enfoque evolucionista

This paper analyzes the drive underlying the self-evaluation of opinions and capacities in an evolutionary framework. The social process that induces self-evaluation is social comparison. This paper proposes that the origin of social comparison and self evaluation comes from social competition through two self-concepts: the potential resource-holding and the social attention-holding power. The psychological equivalent of these two concepts is self-esteem. Self esteem evolved as a sociometer that makes Homo Sapiens gauge the degree of social belonging/social exclusion within reference groups. People are motivated to behave in ways that conserve self-esteem, because self-esteem maintenance behaviour usually reduces the possibility of being ignored, avoided or excluded by others. Self-evaluation is more sensitive to exclusion by people with a close relationship than to rejection by people from outside this close circle. This sensitivity is related to the level of closeness, performance and self-relevance. This self-evaluation maintenance model is a mechanism that solves an evolutionary pro blem which Homo Sapiens must have been faced with in some key moment of evolution.willingness to surrender illusions.Este trabajo analiza el impulso de evaluación de las propias opiniones y capacidades desde una perspectiva evolucionista. El proceso social que permite la autoevaluación es la comparación social. Se propone que el origen del proceso de comparación social y autoevaluación se deriva de la competición social a través de dos autoconceptos: los potenciales de posesión de recursos y de posesión de atención social. El equivalente psicológico de estos dos conceptos es el de la autoestima. La autoestima evolucionó como un soció metro que permite al Homo Sapiens calibrar su grado de pertenencia social/exclusión social en los grupos de referencia. Las personas se motivan para comportarse de tal modo que conserven su autoestima, puesto que las conductas de mantenimiento de la autoestima suelen reducir la posibilidad de ser ignorado, evitado o excluido por los demás. Esta autoevaluación es más sensible a la exclusión de las personas íntimas que al rechazo de personas alejadas del círculo más cercano. Esta sensibilidad está relacionada con el nivel de intimidad que se mantiene con los otros miembros del grupo, con los dominios de desempeño y con la relevancia para el yo. Este modelo de mantenimiento de la autoevaluación es un mecanismo que resuelve un problema evolutivo al que hubo de enfrentarse el Homo Sapiens en algún momento clave de su evolución

Celos y emociones : factores de la relación de pareja en la reacción ante la infidelidad

Esta investigación está orientada a conocer las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las situaciones desencadenantes de celos y cómo estas reacciones son afectadas por ciertas características de las relaciones de pareja. 372 personas (250 mujeres y 122 hombres) que han participado en esta investigación responden ante una hipotética infidelidad de su pareja (infidelidad emocional e infidelidad sexual) con un supuesto rival y a un cuestionario sobre ciertos aspectos de su relación de pareja. Los resultados revelan que las mujeres experimentan una mayor intensidad emocional que los hombres cuando piensan sobre la infidelidad de su pareja, ya sea emocional o sexual. No hay diferencias importantes entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto al tipo de infidelidad que más les molesta: la infidelidad emocional. Además se ha analizado la influencia del tipo de relación de pareja que mantienen los participantes en la experiencia emocional provocada por la infidelidad.This present study explores the differences between women's and men's responses to (hypothetical) infidelity, and how these responses are influenced by the characteristics of the couple's relationship. 372 subjects completed questionnaires (a) itemising their jealous reaction to a partner's hypothetical infidelity (emotional or sexual); and (b) the state of their relationship. A survey of 250 women and 122 men revealed that the women reported higher intensity of emotional distress than the men. in regard to both emotional and sexual infidelity. There were no significant differences between men and women in their reports of which infidelity troubled them more: both genders are troubled more by emotional infidelity. We also report the influence that the type of relationship has on the emotions provoked by the infidelity

Una aproximación multidimensional al apoyo social: El Cuestionario de Frecuencia y Satisfacción con el Apoyo Social (CFSAS).

The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS) was designed to assess the frequency of and the degree of satisfaction with perceived social support received from different sources in relation to three types of support: emotional, informational and instrumental. This study tested the reliability of the questionnaire and its criterion and structural validity. The data were drawn from survey interviews of 2042 Spanish people. The results show high internal consistency (values of Cronbach’s alpha range from .763 to .952). The correlational analysis showed significant positive associations between QFSSS scores and measures of subjective well-being and perceived social support, as well as significant negative associations with measures of loneliness (Pearson’s r correlation range from .11 to .97). Confirmatory factor analysis by Structural Equation Modeling suggested an internal 4-factor structure that corresponds to the sources of support analyzed: partner, family, friends and community (values for the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) range from .93 to .95; for the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) range from .95 to .98; for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) range from .10 to .07). These results confirm the QFSSS validity as a versatile tool, suitable for the detailed assessment of social support.El Cuestionario de Frecuencia y Satisfacción con el Apoyo Social (CFSAS) ha sido diseñado para evaluar la frecuencia y el grado de satisfacción con el apoyo social percibido procedente de diferentes fuentes en relación a tres tipo de apoyo: emocional, informacional e instrumental. En este estudio se comprueba la fiabilidad del cuestionario, así como su validez estructural y de criterio. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una muestra compuesta por 2042 españoles. Los resultados muestran una alta consistencia interna (rango de valores del Alpha de Cronbach entre .763 y .952). El análisis correlacional mostró relaciones positivas significativas entre el CFSAS y medidas de bienestar subjetivo y apoyo social percibido, así como relaciones negativas significativas con medidas de soledad (rango de valores de la r de Pearson entre .11 y .97). El análisis factorial confirmatorio, usando ecuaciones estructurales, sugiere una estructura interna compuesta por cuatro factores, que se corresponden con las fuentes de apoyo analizadas: pareja, familia, amigos y comunidad (rango de valores GFI entre .93 y .95, CFI entre .95 y .98, RMSEA entre .10 y .07). Estos resultados confirman la validez del CFSAS como una herramienta versátil adecuada para la valoración multidimensional del apoyo social

The Maize Contribution in the Human Health

Maize (Zea mays) is a cereal very important around the world and is a fundamental element of the Mexican cuisine. The basis of Mexican traditional food is maize prepared by the process of “nixtamalización” which conserves the properties of the whole grain cereal. The phytochemical profiles of Z. mays contain total phenolics, ferulic acid, carotenoids, and flavonoids called anthocyanins. It is generally accepted that anthocyanin food colors do not exert obvious toxicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenicity and, indeed, anthocyanins may inhibit mutagenesis. Nutraceutical properties of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds in the maize that offer antioxidant activities is shown in five types of corn (white, yellow, high carotenoid, blue, and red). Therefore, the consumption of maize or its derivates such as tortillas, tortilla chips, etc., become functional food, with the ability to be used to prevent the incidence of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Likewise, a diet that includes corn can be used during the management of these diseases. However, it is necessary to carry out more studies that highlight the efficiency of corn byproduct consumption during these diseases

Comparison of extractants used for the assessment of mercury availability in a soil from the Almadén mining district (Spain)

Single extraction methods have been extensively used to assess the availability of metals in polluted soils. This work focused on checking the feasibility of several chemicals, i.e. CaCl2, EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and a low-molecular-weight organic acid mixture (rhizosphere-based method), to be used as extractants for mercury (Hg) in a soil from the Almadén mining district (Spain). Moreover, the effect of several experimental parameters, i.e. extraction time (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 16 and 24 h), concentration of extractant (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 M) and soil/extractant ratio (1:2, 1:5 and 1:10), on the amount of Hg extracted was investigated. The Hg extraction ability followed the descending order EDTA > rhizosphere-based method > DTPA ≈ CaCl2. This ranking was attributed to the higher complexation power of EDTA and organic acids. It was also found that extraction times between 2 and 5 h are required to avoid underestimation of mobile Hg and re-adsorption of the Hg previously extracted. Although some exceptions were found, Hg extraction efficiency was generally enhanced with higher extractant concentrations. Finally, the amount of Hg extracted by the four extractants increased with decreasing soil/extractant ratios

Land-use changes in the canary archipelago using the CORINE Data: a retrospective analysis

The relationships between territorial governance and the pursuit of sustainable development are evidenced to be critical. Exploratory tools, like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enable us to comprehend the patterns, dynamics, and parameters of land-use changes over the years. The results from such studies could be used in the design of a sustainable territorial governance strategy. Contextually, a study has been conducted based on the changes that occurred in land uses in the Canary Archipelago in the years 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) data. Even if most of the land uses have been stable over the analyzed period, the investigation shows a decrease in agricultural areas. By contrast, it is possible to verify an increase in semi-natural areas and urban agglomerations. Moreover, the authors believe that an assessment of the land-use changes on these ultra-peripheral areas will also enable us to disclose some obstacles and opportunities for sustained development.FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology to VALORIZAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of social support on the wellbeing of immigrants residing in Italy: Sources and functions as predictive factors for life satisfaction levels, sense of community and resilience

Moving from one country to another involves not only separation from the country of origin, but also the tiring process of integration into a new physical, institutional, and sociocultural context, which may expose migrants to acculturation stress. The loss of former support networks, or at the very least their transformation, presents immigrants with the need to rebuild their social support systems in the host country, involving an active search for support. Therefore, the aim of study is to analyze the structure of informal social support and its capacity to predict immigrants’ sense of community, resilience, and satisfaction with life. The results confirm that social support predicts satisfaction with life, sense of community, and resilience. Our findings highlight the way sources and frequency of support, and the satisfaction with which they are associated, have different degrees of predictive value on the dependent variables under investigation. In this study, it can be concluded that social support is an important factor in the well-being of migrants and their integration into the host community. The results have an important practical value in promoting interventions that improve immigrants’ support networks and, consequently, increase their satisfaction with life, sense of community, and resilience.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Motivated to compete but not to care: The fundamental social motives of risk-taking behaviors

Based on the evolutionary framework of risk-taking, the present study aims to examine how the fundamental social motives relate to health risks, interpersonal risks and deviant non-violent behaviors as a function of sex and across different life stages of transitioning to adulthood. A total of 1370 Spanish adolescents and young individuals participated in the survey study. The results showed that status-seeking and kin care (family) were the principal social motives related to risk-taking behaviors. Specifically, status-seeking acted as a promoting factor of risk-taking behaviors, while kin care (family) exerted the opposite effect. Therefore, the results in general demonstrate the significant role of the fundamental social motives on risk-taking behaviors. The impact of sex and age group on the relationship between social motives and risk-taking behaviors is discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio