Fine Scale Determinants of Soil Litter Fauna on a Mediterranean Mixed Oak Forest Invaded by the Exotic Soil-Borne Pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi

16 páginas.-- 5 figuras.-- 1 tablas.-- 56 referencias.-- This article belongs to the Special Issue "Ecology and Management of Invasive Species in Forest Ecosystems".There is growing recognition of the importance of soil fauna for modulating nutrient cycling processes such as litter decomposition. However, little is known about the drivers promoting changes in soil fauna abundance on a local scale. We explored this gap of knowledge in a mixed oak forest of Southern Spain, which is under decline due to the invasion of the exotic soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Meso-invertebrate abundance found in soil litter was estimated at the suborder level. We then explored their statistical correlations with respect to light availability, tree and litter characteristics, and P. cinnamomi abundance. Oribatida and Entomobryomporpha were the most abundant groups of Acari and Collembola, respectively. According to their trophic level, predator and detritivore abundances were positively correlated while detritivores were, in turn, positively correlated with pathogen abundance and negatively influenced by light availability and tree defoliation. These overall trends differed between groups. Among detritivores, Diplopoda preferred highly decomposed litter while Oribatida and Psocoptera preferred darker environments and Poduromorpha were selected for environments with lower tree defoliation. Our results show the predominant role of light availability in influencing litter fauna abundances at local scales and suggest that the invasive soil-borne pathogen P. cinnamomi is integrated in these complex relationships.O.G. acknowledges postdoctoral financial support provided by the European Union Horizon research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 661118-BioFUNC. O. G. also thanks research support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the IMPLANTIN project (CGL2015-65346-R). L.G.A. acknowledges support from the MICINN project INTERCAPA (CGL-2014-56739-R)

Relationship between the gingival biotype and the results of root covering surgical procedures : a systematic review

Tissue biotypes are related to the results of periodontal therapy, conventional prosthodontics, implant therapy and root covering procedures. We conducted a systematic review (SR) of the literature about the relationship between the gingival biotype and

GNIP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase is a novel player in regulating glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle.

Background: Glycogenin-interacting protein 1 (GNIP1) is a tripartite motif (TRIM) protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that interacts with glycogenin. These data suggest that GNIP1 could play a major role in the control of glycogen metabolism. However, direct evidence based on functional analysis remains to be obtained. Objectives: The aim of this study was 1) to define the expression pattern of glycogenin-interacting protein/ Tripartite motif containing protein 7 (GNIP/TRIM7) isoforms in humans, 2) to test their ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and 3) to analyze the functional effects of GNIP1 on muscle glucose/glycogen metabolism both in human cultured cells and in vivo in mice. Results: We show that GNIP1 was the most abundant GNIP/TRIM7 isoform in human skeletal muscle, whereas in cardiac muscle only TRIM7 was expressed. GNIP1 and TRIM7 had autoubiquitination activity in vitro and were localized in the Golgi apparatus and cytosol respectively in LHCN-M2 myoblasts. GNIP1 overexpression increased glucose uptake in LHCN-M2 myotubes. Overexpression of GNIP1 in mouse muscle in vivo increased glycogen content, glycogen synthase (GS) activity and phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) and phospho-Akt (Ser473) content, whereas decreased GS phosphorylation in Ser640. These modifications led to decreased blood glucose levels, lactate levels and body weight, without changing whole-body insulin or glucose tolerance in mouse. Conclusion: GNIP1 is an ubiquitin ligase with a markedly glycogenic effect in skeletal muscle

Chronic venous insufficiency: a review

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) comprises a complete spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system1 including any long-term functional and morphological alteration. CVI accounts for several abnormalities of the venous system. It is a highly prevalent disease that causes serious economic consequences, a decrease in the quality of life and can lead to serious complications. An exhaustive review was performed with the available literature, using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 2004 to 2021. The search criteria were formulated to identify reports related to chronic venous insufficiency. The pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency begins with chronic venous hypertension and the dilation of the vessel, this leads to a series of pathological changes in the venous wall and surrounding tissues, in advanced stages of CVI, skin lesions are associated with an increased proliferation of skin capillaries and microcirculatory abnormalities that may be the result of an altered level of factors responsible for the angiogenic response, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiostatin. In this review, updates on pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis, classification and treatment of this disease are analyzed, with special emphasis on therapeutic options. Chronic venous insufficiency is a disease that affects the patient at several levels, mainly diminishing his/her quality of life. Currently there are various treatments ranging from habit modifications, pharmacological, to endovenous and surgical treatment.

Aproximación desde la sociolingüística histórica al contacto interétnico en territorio muzo-colima, siglos XVI-XVIII

El objetivo del trabajo es encontrar evidencias lingüísticas del contacto interétnico en la zona de influencia muzo-colima (tapaz) señalada por diferentes autores. Se trabajó principalmente con topónimos y antropónimos registrados en documentos del Archivo General de la Nación, otros disponibles a través del Portal de Archivos Españoles y, sobre todo, documentos eclesiásticos de algunos municipios de Cundinamarca, entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Los datos se tabularon, se clasificaron según sus características morfológicas o etimológicas, luego se cartografiaron y, finalmente, se evaluó hasta qué punto daban cuenta del contacto interétnico. Se acudió también a conceptos del Análisis Crítico del Discurso para examinar la representación del espacio y del indígena en los documentos consultados

On the linguistic attitudes of Colombian sign language signers towards neologisms and signers of the Community Arbol de Vida

This research addressed the linguistic attitudes of deaf signers of Colombian Sign Language (LSC) from Bogotá towards the deaf signers of Árbol de Vida (Fundarvid) Foundation and their use of neologisms proposed by this foundation. Twelve interviews were conducted considering variables such as age, gender, and level of education. The interviewees watched a sample of five video-recorded speeches in sign language. In two of the videos, the signers belonged to Fundarvid, but only one of them used neologisms. The answers were translated into written Spanish, and statistical analyses of the data collected were conducted. Among the results, a general rejection towards the signers of Árbol de Vida was found because the interviewees considered both the signs and the signing itself were “unnatural”

Influence of global change drivers on fine scale determinants of soil fauna

Comunicación oral (TS.14-O-12) presentada en the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Ecological Society (SIBECOL) & XIV AEET meeting. Barcelona, Spain, 4th – 7th February 2019Soil fauna plays an essential role for nutrient cycling processes, but the drivers promoting changes in its abundance and diversity, particularly within a global change context are largely unknown. In spring 2016, we built a rainfall exclusion experiment (30% rainfall reduction) to explore soil fauna responses to simulated climate change in a mixed oak forest of southern Spain invaded by the exotic soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. We identified soil fauna groups at the suborder taxonomic level and its trophic position at the beginning of the experiment and after one year in both experimental and control plots. We then analysed the effect of the rainfall reduction treatment on temporal changes in the abundance and diversity of soil measofauna. We also explored statistical correlations with fine-scale biotic and abiotic parameters by means of structural equation models. Primarily, we observed that one year of experimental rainfall reduction strongly decreased predator abundance but not detritivore abundance. Moreover, light availability, tree defoliation and the abundance of P. cinnamomi were identified as the main drivers of the changes in the abundance of particular detritivore groups. Our results demonstrate rapid responses of the abundance and composition of the litter mesofauna to climate change-related drought, with the organisms in the higher trophic levels being the more susceptible to increasing dryness. Multiple tree and litter characteristics influenced litter fauna abundance at local scale, suggesting that global change drivers as climate change and invasive exotic species are modifying these complex relationships.N

Clinical features, damage accrual, and survival in patients with familial systemic lupus erythematosus: data from a multi-ethnic, multinational Latin American lupus cohort

Objectives This study aimed to compare the clinical features, damage accrual, and survival of patients with familial and sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A multi-ethnic, multinational Latin American SLE cohort was studied. Familial lupus was defined as patients with a first-degree SLE relative; these relatives were interviewed in person or by telephone. Clinical variables, disease activity, damage, and mortality were compared. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard adjusted for potential confounders for time to damage and mortality. Results A total of 66 (5.6%) patients had familial lupus, and 1110 (94.4%) had sporadic lupus. Both groups were predominantly female, of comparable age, and of similar ethnic distribution. Discoid lupus (OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.08-3.60) and neurologic disorder (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.00-2.73) were significantly associated with familial SLE; pericarditis was negatively associated (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.14-0.87). The SLE Disease Activity Index and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) were similar in both groups, although the neuropsychiatric (45.4% vs. 33.5%;p = 0.04) and musculoskeletal (6.1% vs. 1.9%;p = 0.02) domains of the SDI were more frequent in familial lupus. They were not retained in the Cox models (by domains). Familial lupus was not significantly associated with damage accrual (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.30-1.55) or mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI 0.26-4.81). Conclusion Familial SLE is not characterized by a more severe form of disease than sporadic lupus. We also observed that familial SLE has a higher frequency of discoid lupus and neurologic manifestations and a lower frequency of pericarditis