La literatura infantil y juvenil de autor en los libros de texto de Educación Primaria

En este trabajo se presentan las conclusiones de una investigación realizada a partir de la última edición de los libros de texto de la asignatura Lengua castellana y Literatura, publicados por cuatro editoriales con larga tradición y uso actual,  con el fin de analizar la presencia y el tratamiento que recibe en ellos la Literatura infantil y juvenil (en adelante LIJ) y delimitar si el repertorio de obras literarias que incluyen tiene como referencia o puede constituir en sí mismo un canon

La literatura infantil y juvenil de autor en los libros de texto de Educación Primaria

This paper presents the conclusions of a research carried out from the Spanish Language and Literature textbooks latest edition by four traditional and reknown publishers, in order to analyze the presence and treatment that receives the children’s Literature and decide whether the repertoire of literary works that they include can be considered a canon.En este trabajo se presentan las conclusiones de una investigación realizada a partir de la última edición de los libros de texto de la asignatura Lengua castellana y Literatura, publicados por cuatro editoriales con larga tradición y uso actual,  con el fin de analizar la presencia y el tratamiento que recibe en ellos la Literatura infantil y juvenil (en adelante LIJ) y delimitar si el repertorio de obras literarias que incluyen tiene como referencia o puede constituir en sí mismo un canon

Reescrituras del Cancionero popular infantil desde la perspectiva de género: contribución de Once damas atrevidas y Teresa la princesa a la educación literaria:

Aquest treball analitza el procés de reescriptura i recodificació pel qual s’han transformat recentment dues cançons populars de tradició infantil en àlbums il·lustrats lírics que es presenten com un recurs privilegiat per desenvolupar tant l’educació literària dels joves lectors com el seu sentit crític davant de representacions estereotipades del gènere. L’objectiu és que ambdues obres serveixin d’exemple de la vigència que segueix tenint el Cancionero popular infantil actualment, així com de les possibilitats didàctiques que ofereixen les reescriptures de la tradició oral per a desenvolupar una educació literària basada en el dialogisme, la creativitat i el pensament crític.This paper analyzes the process of rewriting and recodification by which two popular songs of children's tradition have recently been transformed into two illustrated lyrical albums that are presented as a privileged resource when it comes to developing both the literary education of young readers and their meaning. critical of stereotyped representations of gender. The objective is for both works to serve as an example, both of the validity that the Children's Popular Songs continues to have today and of the didactic possibilities offered by the rewriting of the oral tradition to develop a literary education based on dialogism, creativity and critical thinking.Este trabajo analiza el proceso de reescritura y recodificación por el que dos canciones populares de tradición infantil han sido recientemente transformadas en sendos álbumes ilustrados líricos que se presentan como un recurso privilegiado a la hora de desarrollar tanto la educación literaria de los jóvenes lectores como su sentido crítico ante representaciones estereotipadas del género. El objetivo es que ambas obras sirvan como ejemplo de  la vigencia que el Cancionero popular infantil sigue teniendo en nuestros días, así como de las posibilidades didácticas que ofrecen las reescrituras de la tradición oral para desarrollar una educación literaria basada en el dialogismo, la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico

Libros de texto y especialistas cara a cara

El trabajo presenta un cotejo de los datos extraídos tras la revisión de tres corpus: en primer lugar, el catálogo de autores y obras de Literatura infantil y juvenil-LIJ que aparecen en los materiales didácticos propuestos por las editoriales más usadas en Educación Primaria; en segundo, el listado de nombres y títulos recomendados por algunos de los especialistas más reconocidos y, en último lugar, el palmarés de autores y obras galardonadas con los principales premios nacionales de LIJ. A partir de estos datos, analizamos coincidencias, preferencias genéricas y temáticas, tendencias y posible contribución de cada uno de los corpus analizados a la educación literaria de niños y jóvenes.In this paper are collated the data extracted from the review of three corpus: the catalog of authors and works of Children and Youth Literature (LIJ) that appear in the didactic materials proposed by the most used publishers in Primary Education; the list of names and titles recommended by the specialists and the list of authors and works awarded with the 82 main national awards of children’s literature. Based on these data, we analyze coincidences, generic and thematic preferences, trends and possible contribution of each of the analyzed selections to the literary education of children and young people

Tour virtual: una forma eficiente de realizar evaluaciones tempranas en aplicaciones de paciente

Tradicionalmente, los sistemas de ayuda a la decisión (Decision Support Systems, DSS) han estado dirigidos a los profesionales médicos; sin embargo también pueden ayudar a aquellos pacientes que desean tener un papel más activo en el cuidado de su salud. Además, los pacientes quieren ser tratados en el momento en que su estado de salud lo requiera, sin importar el lugar en el que se encuentren. El sistema MobiGuide proporciona un soporte personalizado y basado en evidencia clínica tanto a profesionales médicos como a pacientes en todo momento y en todo lugar. La aplicación móvil del paciente representa el punto de acceso al servicio y, por tanto, es responsable en gran medida del éxito o fracaso del sistema. En MobiGuide, se ha incorporado a los pacientes desde el comienzo en el proceso de diseño y evaluación de la aplicación para garantizar una adecuada funcionalidad y usabilidad del sistema. En este trabajo presentamos la primera evaluación realizada por los pacientes mediante un tour virtual por la Aplicación de Paciente. Los resultados son altamente positivos y útiles para mejorar la aplicación, corregir defectos y conseguir la aplicación final esperada por los pacientes

PREDIRCAM eHealth platform for individualized telemedical assistance for lifestyle modification in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic risk prevention: a pilot study (PREDIRCAM 1)

Background: Healthy diet and regular physical activity are powerful tools in reducing diabetes and cardiometabolic risk. Various international scientific and health organizations have advocated the use of new technologies to solve these problems. The PREDIRCAM project explores the contribution that a technological system could offer for the continuous monitoring of lifestyle habits and individualized treatment of obesity as well as cardiometabolic risk prevention. Methods: PREDIRCAM is a technological platform for patients and professionals designed to improve the effectiveness of lifestyle behavior modifications through the intensive use of the latest information and communication technologies. The platform consists of a web-based application providing communication interface with monitoring devices of physiological variables, application for monitoring dietary intake, ad hoc electronic medical records, different communication channels, and an intelligent notification system. A 2-week feasibility study was conducted in 15 volunteers to assess the viability of the platform. Results: The website received 244 visits (average time/session: 17 min 45 s). A total of 435 dietary intakes were recorded (average time for each intake registration, 4 min 42 s ± 2 min 30 s), 59 exercises were recorded in 20 heart rate monitor downloads, 43 topics were discussed through a forum, and 11 of the 15 volunteers expressed a favorable opinion toward the platform. Food intake recording was reported as the most laborious task. Ten of the volunteers considered long-term use of the platform to be feasible. Conclusions: The PREDIRCAM platform is technically ready for clinical evaluation. Training is required to use the platform and, in particular, for registration of dietary food intake

Differences in clinical features and mortality in very old unvaccinated patients (≥ 80 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first and successive waves from the multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry (Spain)

Background: Old age is one of the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19. Few studies have analyzed changes in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 among older adults before the availability of vaccines. This work analyzes differences in clinical features and mortality in unvaccinated very old adults during the first and successive COVID-19 waves in Spain. Methods This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzes unvaccinated patients >= 80 years hospitalized for COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry). Patients were classified according to whether they were admitted in the first wave (March 1-June 30, 2020) or successive waves (July 1-December 31, 2020). The endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality, expressed as the case fatality rate (CFR). Results Of the 21,461 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 5,953 (27.7%) were >= 80 years (mean age [IQR]: 85.6 [82.3-89.2] years). Of them, 4,545 (76.3%) were admitted during the first wave and 1,408 (23.7%) during successive waves. Patients hospitalized in successive waves were older, had a greater Charlson Comorbidity Index and dependency, less cough and fever, and met fewer severity criteria at admission (qSOFA index, PO2/FiO2 ratio, inflammatory parameters). Significant differences were observed in treatments used in the first (greater use of antimalarials, lopinavir, and macrolides) and successive waves (greater use of corticosteroids, tocilizumab and remdesivir). In-hospital complications, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia, were less frequent in patients hospitalized in successive waves, except for heart failure. The CFR was significantly higher in the first wave (44.1% vs. 33.3%; -10.8%; p = 95 years (54.4% vs. 38.5%; -15.9%; p < 0.001). After adjustments to the model, the probability of death was 33% lower in successive waves (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79). Conclusions Mortality declined significantly between the first and successive waves in very old unvaccinated patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain. This decline could be explained by a greater availability of hospital resources and more effective treatments as the pandemic progressed, although other factors such as changes in SARS-CoV-2 virulence cannot be ruled out

Ethnicity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the Multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Background: This work aims to analyze clinical outcomes according to ethnic groups in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain. (2) Methods: This nationwide, retrospective, multicenter, observational study analyzed hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry) from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to ethnicity (Latin Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Asians, North Africans, Europeans). The outcomes were in-hospital mortality (IHM), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Associations between ethnic groups and clinical outcomes adjusted for patient characteristics and baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index values and wave were evaluated using logistic regression. (3) Results: Of 23,953 patients (median age 69.5 years, 42.9% women), 7.0% were Latin American, 1.2% were North African, 0.5% were Asian, 0.5% were Sub-Saharan African, and 89.7% were European. Ethnic minority patients were significantly younger than European patients (median (IQR) age 49.1 (40.5-58.9) to 57.1 (44.1-67.1) vs. 71.5 (59.5-81.4) years, p < 0.001). The unadjusted IHM was higher in European (21.6%) versus North African (11.4%), Asian (10.9%), Latin American (7.1%), and Sub-Saharan African (3.2%) patients. After further adjustment, the IHM was lower in Sub-Saharan African (OR 0.28 (0.10-0.79), p = 0.017) versus European patients, while ICU admission rates were higher in Latin American and North African versus European patients (OR (95%CI) 1.37 (1.17-1.60), p < 0.001) and (OR (95%CI) 1.74 (1.26-2.41), p < 0.001). Moreover, Latin American patients were 39% more likely than European patients to use IMV (OR (95%CI) 1.43 (1.21-1.71), p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The adjusted IHM was similar in all groups except for Sub-Saharan Africans, who had lower IHM. Latin American patients were admitted to the ICU and required IMV more often

Evolution of the Use of Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID National Registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236-996) mu g/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) mu g/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp0(2)/Fi0(2) (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%