Fuentes primarias, objetos y artefactos en la interpretación de la historia. Diseño y evaluación de un taller de numismática en Educación Secundaria

Este trabajo presenta el diseño y evaluación de una experiencia de innovación para la enseñanza de la historia, basada en el uso de un taller de numismática en la unidad didáctica sobre el Antiguo Régimen. Se incide principalmente en los aspectos metodológicos de la experiencia, y en el uso de diferentes fuentes para desarrollar la interpretación y argumentación histórica en el alumnado. La experiencia se realizó en tres cursos consecutivos. La valoración de la experiencia se realizó a través de un cuestionario cerrado con una escala de estimación tipo Likert (1-5), donde el alumnado debía valorar tanto la actividad, como el proceso de enseñanza y el aprendizaje adquirido. Los resultados fueron positivos a lo largo de los tres años.This paper presents the design and evaluation of an innovative experience to teach history based on the use of a numismatic workshop in the teaching unit on the Old Regime. We deepen mainly on methodological aspects of the experience, and the use of different sources to develop the interpretation and historical argument in students. The experience was carried out in three consecutive courses. The assessment of the experience was carried out through a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale (1-5), where students should assess both the activity and the process of teaching and learning acquired. The results were positive over the three years

IBSE: An OWL Interoperability Evaluation Infrastructure

The technology that supports the Semantic Web presents a great diversity and, whereas all the tools use different types of ontologies, not all of them share a common knowledge representation model, which may pose problems when they try to interoperate. The Knowledge Web European Network of Excellence is organizing a benchmarking of interoperability of ontology tools using OWL as interchange language with the goal of assessing and improving tool interoperability. This paper presents the development of IBSE, an evaluation infrastructure that allows executing automatically the benchmarking experiments and provides an easy way of analysing the results. Thus,including new tools into the evaluation infrastructure will be simple and straightforward

Impact of fire and post-fire management techniques on soil chemical properties

The effects of fire ( Control burned soil) and two emergency stabilisation techniques (grass Seeding and straw Mulching ) on 20 chemical characteristics were evaluated on 0 – 5 cm top-soils sampled 1, 90, 180 and 365 days after an experimental fi re in a steep shrubland of a temperate-humid region (NW Spain). Most part of pH (in H 2 O and KCl) variance was explained by the sampling date. No clear temporal trends were identi fi able for total soil C and N content, likely due to the large SOM pool in these soils; however, changes on soil δ 13 C were explained by the deposition of 13 C-depleted ashes, followed by its progressive erosion, while those on soil δ 15 N were a consequence of fi re induced N outputs. After the fi re, NH 4 + – N, P, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn and B concentrations increased, while those of NO 3 − – N, Al, Fe and Co did not vary significantly. Despite a significant decline with time, concentrations of Mg, Ca and Mn at the end of the study were still higher than in unburned soil, while those of K, Cu, Zn and B were similar to the pre-fire levels and those of NH 4 + – N, P and Na were below pre-fire values. Mulching and Seeding treatments for burned soil emergency stabilisation had significant effects on soil δ 15 N and extractable K, Mg and Ca, while data were inconclusive for their possible effects on the extractable Al, Fe and C

Reduction of Nutrient Losses with Eroded Sediments by Post-Fire Soil Stabilisation Techniques

After an experimental fire in steep shrub land in a temperate–humid region (north-west Spain), the effects of two post-fire stabilisation treatments (grass seeding and straw mulching) on the chemical properties of eroded sediments,and the amount of nutrients lost with them, we reevaluated relative to control burnt soil, over a period of 13 months. Total C and N concentrations, and d 13 C, indicated that sediments were mainly contributed by charred plant and litter material. The highest concentrations of extractable base cations in the sediments occurred during the first 3 months following fire, especially for Na and K. As treatments had little or no effect on nutrient concentration in sediments, differences in nutrient losses were due to the 10-fold lower sediment production in mulching compared with other treatments. In control and seeding treatments, the accumulated amounts of nutrients lost with sediments were 989–1028kgha 1 (C), 77kgha 1 (N), 1.9–2.4kgha 1 (Ca), 0.9–1.1kgha 1 (Mg), 0.48–0.55kgha 1 (NH 4 þ –N), 0.39–0.56kgha 1 (K), 0.19–0.34kgha 1 (Na) and , 0.1kgha 1 (P and NO 3 –N) . These values accounted for 22–25% (total C and N) and 5–12% (NH 4 þ –N, Ca, P and Mg) of available nutrients in ash, and 1.0–2.4% of those in ash þ topsoil. As nutrient and sediment losses were strongly correlated, the reduction of the latter by mulching application leads to an effective decrease of post-fire nutrient losses

Astrobiological field campaign to a volcanosedimentary mars analogue methane producing subsurface protected ecosystem: Imuruk Lake (Alaska)

Viking missions reported adverse conditions for life in Mars surface. High hydrogen signal obtained by Mars orbiters has increased the interest in subsurface prospection as putative protected Mars environment with life potential. Permafrost has attracted considerable interest from an astrobiological point of view due to the recently reported results from the Mars exploration rovers. Considerable studies have been developed on extreme ecosystems and permafrost in particular, to evaluate the possibility of life on Mars and to test specific automated life detection instruments for space missions. The biodiversity of permafrost located on the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve has been studied as an example of subsurface protected niche of astrobiological interest. Different conventional (enrichment and isolation) and molecular ecology techniques (cloning, fluorescence "in situ" probe hybridization, FISH) have been used for isolation and bacterial identificationThe expedition to Imuruk Lake was supported by Centro de Astrobiología-INTA (Spain). The laboratory experimental procedures were supported by Grant AYA 2010–20213 “Desarrollo de Tecnología para la identificación de vida de forma automática” from the Spanish Governmen

EVALUATION OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY IN WINERIES

The objective of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy in wineries. The factors analysed were solar radiation, cost of PV installation, prices in the public electricity grid, size of the winery, power of installed panels, influence of the decreased consumption during weekends, and seasonality in the consumption. The study has been based on the European TESLA project, in which 39 energy audits were carried out in wineries in four European countries. A winery of 30,000 hL/year was characterized as a representative winery. The results showed that seasonality was key in the profitability of the system for self-consumption, related to the optimum power to be installed of PV. It was recommended to install, as an optimal PV power, the stable electrical power that is demanded in the daytime period. Optimizing the installed power of PV panels in the representative winery, the percentage of electrical energy consumption covered by photovoltaic energy varied between 16% and 22%. The percentage of the cost of electric energy covered varied between 18% and 24%, with payback values between 18 years (3.1 peak sun hours of solar radiation -PSH) and 10 years (5.6 peak sun hours of solar radiation - PSH). All the factors involved were analyzed

Arquitectura, Industria y Sostenibilidad

Spain’s recent growth model, much too tightly bound to opportunistic property development, is unquestionably the least sustainable in Europe. The rise in the rate of the country’s historically high energy dependence, which at no time in the last decade dipped below 80%, stands as proof of such unsustainability. The need to build housing with new, built-in passive strategies and active techniques geared to savings, effi ciency and enhanced domestic comfort, and the growing complexity of the associated solutions, are factors that indisputably transcend the limits of traditional housing design and construction. That fast declining model has merely replaced skilled labour, a legacy of former structures organized around trades, with the willing but unskilled labour of immigrant workers. In this new context, energy effi ciency will surely be the key concept that will open the gates to renovated industrialization: savings and effi ciency from the outset through controlled design and manufacturing; worksite effi ciencies and the savings deriving from speedier construction; savings and effi ciency during the building’s service life as a result of the technology deployed; and even savings and effi ciency when the building is no longer usable, preparing it for a "good death": recycling. All the foregoing are undoubtedly parameters of considerable signifi cance in the new sustainability paradigm. Open product catalogues will be needed to recover industry for architecture. In view of the paucity of such catalogues, however, the few that do exist must be modifi ed or "tuned" as a fi rst step toward instituting sound and general industrialization.El modelo de crecimiento de España de los últimos años, vinculado excesivamente a la promoción inmobiliaria oportunista, ha sido, sin duda, el más insostenible de la Unión Europa. Lo prueba que nuestra dependencia energética, históricamente ya excesiva, se ha ido incrementando incluso en la última década, sin bajar nunca de un porcentaje del 80%.La necesidad de incorporar a la vivienda las estrategias pasivas y las nuevas técnicas activas orientadas al ahorro, la efi ciencia y la mejora del confort doméstico, y la creciente complejidad de las soluciones a ellas asociadas, son factores que trascienden, sin duda, el campo del diseño y la construcción tradicional de viviendas. Se trata de un modelo en franca decadencia que ha sustituido, sin más, la mano de obra cualifi cada heredada de las estructuras gremiales por la voluntariosa pero inexperta mano de los inmigrantes. En este nuevo contexto, será, sin duda, la efi ciencia energética el concepto llave que abrirá de nuevo las puertas a una renovada industrialización: ahorro y efi ciencia en origen por el control del diseño y la fabricación; efi ciencia en la puesta en obra y ahorro por la rapidez derivada de ella; ahorro y efi ciencia en la vida útil del edifi cio por la técnica incorporada e, incluso, ahorro y efi - ciencia en la propia muerte del edifi cio, preparándolo a su particular "buen morir": el reciclaje. Se trata, sin duda, de parámetros de gran importancia para la construcción del nuevo paradigma de la sostenibilidad. Para acometer la tarea de recuperar a la industria para la arquitectura, es necesario trabajar con catálogos abiertos de productos. Sin embargo, frente a la escasez de estos catálogos, es necesario modifi car o "sintonizar" los existentes a modo de un particular "tuning industrial", como primer paso para cimentar una industrialización sólida y generalizada