Aprendizaje de conceptos complejos en Oceanografía a través del diseño de aplicaciones en Matlab: Una estrategia para motivar al alumnado e introducirlo en la programación

Este trabajo pretende resolver un problema detectado en el alumnado de la asignatura Oceanografía Física del Grado en Ciencias del Mar. Dicho problema está relacionado con la dificultad del alumnado actual para sentirse motivado ante el aprendizaje de conceptos complejos en Física, Química y Matemáticas así como adquirir las competencias y capacidades asociadas a dicho concepto. Se ha escogido un concepto complejo: la obtención del flujo geostrófico en el océano. El trabajo presenta un cuestionario inicial de evaluación previa tras la explicación del concepto en una clase magistral, el posterior desarrollo de una sesión de aprendizaje utilizando simulaciones virtuales y programación en Matlab así como un cuestionario final para evaluar el grado de satisfacción así como de adquisición de conocimientos y competencias tras realizar la actividad para así poder extraer conclusiones de su actividad. Aunque los cuestionarios y la sesión no se podrán aplicar hasta el curso académico 2016-17, esperamos que mejore significativamente el aprendizaje en clase, cree un ambiente favorable entre el alumnado para utilizar las nuevas tecnologías y la programación y pueda aplicarse posteriormente a otros conceptos de esta u otras asignaturas.Universidad de Alicant

Perceptions, Uses, and Interpretations of Uncertainty in Current Weather Forecasts by Spanish Undergraduate Students

This quantitative study evaluates how 71 Spanish undergraduate students perceive and interpret the uncertainty inherent to deterministic forecasts. It is based on several questions that asked participants what they expect given a forecast presented under the deterministic paradigm for a specific lead time and a particular weather parameter. In this regard, both normal and extreme weather conditions were studied. Students’ responses to the temperature forecast as it is usually presented in the media expect an uncertainty range of ±1°–2°C. For wind speed, uncertainty shows a deviation of ±5–10 km h−1, and the uncertainty range assigned to the precipitation amount shows a deviation of ±30 mm from the specific value provided in a deterministic format. Participants perceive the minimum night temperatures as the least-biased parameter from the deterministic forecast, while the amount of rain is perceived as the most-biased one. In addition, participants were then asked about their probabilistic threshold for taking appropriate precautionary action under distinct decision-making scenarios of temperature, wind speed, and rain. Results indicate that participants have different probabilistic thresholds for taking protective action and that context and presentation influence forecast use. Participants were also asked about the meaning of the probability-of-precipitation (PoP) forecast. Around 40% of responses reformulated the default options, and around 20% selected the correct answer, following previous studies related to this research topic. As a general result, it has been found that participants infer uncertainty into deterministic forecasts, and they are mostly used to take action in the presence of decision-making scenarios. In contrast, more difficulties were found when interpreting probabilistic forecasts.This work has been funded by the Assistance Programme of University of Alicante “Programa de Redes-I3CE de calidad, innovación e investigación en docencia universitaria. Convocatoria 2019-20. Alicante: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (ICE) de la Universidad de Alicante. Ref: [4669].

On the calculation of smoothing kernels for seismic parameter spatial mapping: methodology and examples

Spatial mapping is one of the most useful methods to display information about the seismic parameters of a certain area. As in b-value time series, there is a certain arbitrariness regarding the function selected as smoothing kernel (which plays the same role as the window size in time series). We propose a new method for the calculation of the smoothing kernel as well as its parameters. Instead of using the spatial cell-event distance we study the distance between events (event-event distance) in order to calculate the smoothing function, as this distance distribution gives information about the event distribution and the seismic sources. We examine three different scenarios: two shallow seismicity settings and one deep seismicity catalog. The first one, Italy, allows calibration and showcasing of the method. The other two catalogs: the Lorca region (Spain) and Vrancea County (Romania) are examples of different function fits and data treatment. For these two scenarios, the prior to earthquake and after earthquake b-value maps depict tectonic stress changes related to the seismic settings (stress relief in Lorca and stress build-up zone shifting in Vrancea). This technique could enable operational earthquake forecasting (OEF) and tectonic source profiling given enough data in the time span considered.This research has been supported by the Horizon 2020 (TURNkey (grant no. 821046)) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant no. PID2021-123135OB-C21)

Regulação de frequência em sistemas de potência que integram fontes de energias eólicas mediante um controlador pi e imitação de inercial

Introduction: This article derives from the research “Multilevel Control for Microgrids Dispatch Considering Stability Issues through mpc -based Frequency Regulation” conducted at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia during 2016 and the first half of 2017. It presents the study and analysis of a frequency regulation control scheme implemented in a power system that integrates renewable energy sources (res). The objective is to improve the reliability and stability of the grid against typical disturbances of renewable energies. Methodology: Initially, the dynamic response of the power system to sudden disturbances and continuous change was simulated to observe frequency deviations. The control block was also implemented in the additional power loop to emulate inertia and, thus, slow down the response of the system. Subsequently, the control parameters were optimized through heuristic optimization algorithms to minimize the frequency signal error. Results: Using the heuristic optimization of proportional integral (pi) control parameters, it was verified that there is a reduction of more than 79 % in the maximum error of frequency deviation in relation to the open loop response, and more than 43 % with respect to pi control with referential gains. Conclusion: In implementing the additional power loop with pi control, a decrease in the frequency deviation error was found in relation to the open loop simulations, due to the additional power loop.Introducción: como producto de la investigación “Multilevel Control for Microgrids Dispatch Considering Stability Issues through MPC-based Frequency Regulation”, desarrollada en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia durante el 2016 y el primer semestre del 2017, se presenta el estudio y análisis de un esquema de control de regulación de frecuencia implementado en un sistema de potencia que integra fuentes de energías renovables (res). El objetivo es mejorar la confiabilidad y estabilidad de la red ante perturbaciones propias de las energías renovables. Metodología: inicialmente, se simuló la respuesta dinámica del sistema de potencia ante disturbios repentinos y de cambio continuo para observar las desviaciones de frecuencia. Así mismo, se implementó el bloque de control en el lazo de potencia adicional para emular la imitación inercial y, de esta manera, ralentizar la respuesta del sistema. Posteriormente, se procedió a optimizar los parámetros de control a través de algoritmos de optimización heurística para minimizar el error de la señal de frecuencia. Resultados: con la optimización heurística realizada a los parámetros de control proporcional-integral (PI), se comprobó que hay una reducción de más del 79% del error máximo de desviación de frecuencia en relación con la respuesta de lazo abierto, y más del 43% respecto al control pi con las ganancias referenciales. Conclusión: con la implementación del lazo de potencia adicional con control pi, se encontró una disminución del error de la desviación de frecuencia en relación con las simulaciones de lazo abierto, debido al lazo de potencia adicional.Introdução: o artigo é produto da pesquisa “Multilevel Control for Microgrids Dispatch Considering Stability Issues through mpc-based Frequency Regulation” desenvolvida na Universidade Nacional da Colômbia durante 2016 e o primeiro semestre de 2017. Apresenta-se o estudo e a análise de um esquema de controle de regulação de frequência implementado em um sistema de potência que integra fontes de energias renováveis (res). O objetivo é melhorar a confiabilidade e estabilidade da rede frente a perturbações próprias das energias renováveis. Metodologia: inicialmente, foi simulada a resposta dinâmica do sistema de potência frente a distúrbios repentinos e de mudança contínua para observar os desvios de frequência. Mesmo assim, foi implementado um bloco de controle no laço de potência adicional para simular a imitação inercial e, dessa maneira, desacelerar a resposta do sistema. Posteriormente, os parâmetros de controle foram otimizados através de algoritmos de aprimoramento heurístico para minimizar o erro do sinal de frequência. Resultados: com a otimização heurística realizada aos parâmetros de controle proporcional-integral (pi), comprovou-se que há uma redução de mais de 79% do erro máximo de desvio de frequência relacionado à resposta de laço aberto, e mais de 43% relacionado ao controle pi com os ganhos referenciais. Conclusão: com a implementação do laço de potência adicional com controle pi, foi encontrada uma diminuição do erro do desvio de frequência relacionadas às simulações de laço aberto, devido ao laço de potência adicional

Study of internal and external load by different instruments: A case study in grassroots

[Resumen] Los dispositivos tecnológicos utilizados actualmente para registrar carga externa e interna no son accesibles al fútbol formativo por su alto coste económico. Por ello, herramientas para cuantificar la carga y categorizar las tareas son muy útiles para el proceso de entrenamiento. Por tanto, los objetivos del presente trabajo son: (1) identificar las diferencias en la carga objetiva en función de las variables de carga externa subjetiva y (2) analizar la relación entre ambos métodos de cuantificación. 157 tareas realizadas por un equipo de 20 jugadores juveniles fueron analizadas. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante: (a) carga objetiva, dispositivos inerciales WIMUTM y (b) carga subjetiva, Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento (SIATE). El análisis estadístico estuvo compuesto por ANOVA de un factor con el post-hoc Bonferroni y la prueba de correlación de Pearson. Los principales resultados indican que existe influencia de las variables de carga subjetiva en las variables de carga objetiva (p.05), encontrando una alta correlación entre ellas (r>.84). Las características de las tareas modifican de forma directa las demandas de carga, siendo herramientas subjetivas como SIATE útiles para su registro ante la ausencia de material tecnológico.[Abstract] The technological devices utilized currently for the external and internal load register are not accessible in grassroots due to their high costs. Thus, tools for load quantification and tasks categorization are very useful to improve the training process. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to: (1) identify the differences between objective load of training tasks in relation to subjective external load variables and (2) analyse the relationship between both load quantification methods. 157 tasks performed by an 18-players youth soccer team were analysed. The load register was realised by: (a) objective load, WIMUTM inertial devices and (b) subjective load, Integral System for Training Tasks Analysis (SIATE). The statistical analysis was composed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and Pearson correlation test. The main results indicate that exist an influence of subjective load variables in objective load variables (p.05), finding a high correlation between loads (r>.84). The task characteristics directly modify the load demands, being subjective tools as SIATE useful for their register when technological devices are not availableJunta de Extremadura; GR1817

Influencia del vínculo familiar en el proceso de resocialización de las mujeres recluidas en el establecimiento Penitenciario y carcelario COIBA /Picaleña, Ibagué – Tolima.

Gráficas y TablasEste proyecto de investigación es un trabajo realizado desde el semillero de investigación Huellas universitarias de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD, en el Cead de Ibagué. Este se centra en el análisis que tiene la influencia de la familia en el proceso de resocialización de las mujeres infractoras que se encuentran recluidas en el Complejo Penitenciario y Carcelario Coiba – Ibagué. Se realizaron visitas programadas al Centro Penitenciario en donde se contó con la participación de 49 internas pertenecientes al bloque 4, con edades entre los 18 y 50 años, la mayoría de ellas recluidas por delitos como tráfico de estupefacientes, hurto agravado y homicidio. Se aplicó primero una encuesta de caracterización con el fin de identificar las características sociodemográficas, tales como la edad, el estrato social, nivel de escolaridad y la composición del vínculo familiar. Luego se aplicó la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido elaborada por Procidano ME (1983) con la cual se permitió tener una medida unimodal sobre las necesidades de apoyo, la información y la retroalimentación que las internas tienen sobre sus familias. Una vez realizado el análisis de los datos se puede observar cual es el grado de apoyo que recibe realmente las internas por parte de sus familias, y como esto influye en su proceso de resocialización.This research work is a hotbed of research from the university traces of the National Open University and Distance UNAD, Cead in Ibague. This analysis focuses on the influence of having family in the process of rehabilitation of female offenders who are confined in the Penitentiary and Prison Coiba - Ibague. Were performed scheduled visit to the Penitentiary where he attended 49 domestic belonging to block 4, aged 18 and 50 years, most of them detained for crimes such as drug trafficking, aggravated robbery and murder. Characterization survey in order to identify the socio-demographic features such as age, social class, educational level and composition of the family bond was first applied. The Perceived Social Support Scale developed by Procidano ME (1983) which was allowed to have a unimodal measure support needs was then applied, the information and feedback we have over their domestic families. Once the data analysis performed can be seen which is the level of support actually received by domestic families, and how this affects the process of resocialization

Factores que influyen en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de psicología de la modalidad virtual

Most of the studies on entrepreneurial intention have been applied in university students under a face-to-face modality. However, it is also important to consider the context of the students in the virtual mode, that is, those students at a distance, so the objective of this study is to identify the most influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of enrolled psychology university students in virtual mode. For this, a study with a quantitative approach is applied in which the Factorial Analysis statistical technique is used from the application of a survey to 178 psychology students from the Catholic North University Foundation. The convergent and discriminant validity of the proposed model is evaluated from the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Business Event Model, as well as the reliability and contrast of hypotheses. The results allow identifying relevant relationships between attitude, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurial behavior, and current behavior control with respect to the entrepreneurial intention of the surveyed students. Based on these results, it is possible to identify themost influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of students, which allow strengthening from higher education institutions and universities the academic programs aimed at fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of psychology students in the virtual modality.La mayoría de los estudios sobre intención emprendedora se han aplicado a estudiantes universitarios en la modalidad presencial. Sin embargo, también es importante considerar el contexto de los estudiantes en la modalidad virtual, es decir, estudiantes a distancia, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores más influyentes en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes universitarios de psicología inscritos en la modalidad virtual. Para esto, se aplica un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo en el cual se utiliza la técnica estadística Análisis Factorial a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a 178 estudiantes de psicología de la Católica del Norte Fundación Universitaria. Se evalúa la validez convergente y discriminante del modelo propuesto a partir de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado y el Modelo del Evento Empresarial, así como la fiabilidad y contraste de hipótesis. Los resultados permiten identificar relaciones relevantes entre la actitud, el control de comportamientopercibido, el comportamiento emprendedor y el control de la conducta actual con respecto a la intención empresarial de los estudiantes encuestados. A partir de estos resultados es posible identificar los factores más influyentes en la intenciónemprendedora de los estudiantes, que permitan fortalecer desde las instituciones de educación superior y universidades los programas académicos orientados a fomentar el espíritu emprendedor de estudiantes de psicología en la modalidad virtual

Impact of Noah-LSM Parameterizations on WRF Mesoscale Simulations: Case Study of Prevailing Summer Atmospheric Conditions over a Typical Semi-Arid Region in Eastern Spain

The current study evaluates the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) to forecast surface energy fluxes over a region in Eastern Spain. Focusing on the sensitivity of the model to Land Surface Model (LSM) parameterizations, we compare the simulations provided by the original Noah LSM and the Noah LSM with multiple physics options (Noah-MP). Furthermore, we assess the WRF sensitivity to different Noah-MP physics schemes, namely the calculation of canopy stomatal resistance (OPT_CRS), the soil moisture factor for stomatal resistance (OPT_BTR), and the surface layer drag coefficient (OPT_SFC). It has been found that these physics options strongly affect the energy partitioning at the land surface in short-time scale simulations. Aside from in situ observations, we use the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to assess the Land Surface Temperature (LST) field simulated by WRF. Regarding multiple options in Noah-MP, WRF has been configured using three distinct soil moisture factors to control stomatal resistance (β factor) available in Noah-MP (Noah, CLM, and SSiB-types), two canopy stomatal resistance (Ball–Berry and Jarvis), and two options for surface layer drag coefficients (Monin–Obukhov and Chen97 scheme). Considering the β factor schemes, CLM and SSiB-type β factors simulate very low values of the latent heat flux while increasing the sensible heat flux. This result has been obtained independently of the canopy stomatal resistance scheme used. Additionally, the surface skin temperature simulated by Noah-MP is colder than that obtained by the original Noah LSM. This result is also highlighted when the simulated surface skin temperature is compared to the MSG-SEVIRI LST product. The largest differences between the satellite data and the mesoscale simulations are produced using the Noah-MP configurations run with the Monin–Obukhov parameterization for surface layer drag coefficients. In contrast, the Chen97 scheme shows larger surface skin temperatures than Monin–Obukhov, but at the expense of a decrease in the simulated sensible heat fluxes. In this regard, the ground heat flux and the net radiation play a key role in the simulation results.This research was funded by the Assistance Programmes of the University of Alicante “Programa de Redes-I3CE de calidad, innovación e investigación en docencia universitaria. Convocatoria 2018–2019. Alicante: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (ICE) de la Universidad de Alicante. Ref: [4334].” and “Programa de Redes-I3CE de calidad, innovación e investigación en docencia universitaria. Convocatoria 2020-21. Alicante: Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (ICE) de la Universidad de Alicante. Ref: [5150].” as well as by Research Group VIGROB-116 (University of Alicante) and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the project PID2020-118797RB-I00/AEI

Surface nanostructuring of TiO2 thin films by high energy ion irradiation

The effects of a high ion dose irradiation on TiO2 thin films under different conditions of temperature and ion nature are discussed. We have shown that anatase TiO2 thin films irradiated with N+ ions at room temperature develop a typical microstructure with mounds and voids open to the surface whereas irradiations at 700 K generate a surface pattern of well-ordered nanorods aligned with the ion beam. The formation of these patterns is caused by the simultaneous effect of ion irradiation near the film surface and a film temperature favoring the structural mobilization of the defective network of the material. To explain these phenomena, a qualitative model has been proposed and further tested by irradiating the TiO2 thin films with F+ and S+ ions under different conditions. The obtained results demonstrate that ion irradiation techniques enable the formation of tilted nanorod surface patterns with lengths of about 100 nm on anatase TiO2 thin films. © 2010 The American Physical Society.Peer Reviewe

Wind Power Variability and Singular Events

Examples of the different events affecting wind power fluctuations are shown.The behaviors and the responses of the Spanish power system and wind power plants experiencing such events were analyzed. Examples presented in this chapter show that some of the wind power integration issues are related to low-voltage ride-through. They are solved through strict grid code enforcement. Other solutions to manage the reserve power generation and the wind power fluctuations are also very important in order to achieve high levels of wind power penetration. In the Spanish case, this could require increasing the availability of dispatchable and fast-start power plants, as well as increasing wind power plant participation on supporting the power system by providing voltage control, inertial emulation, frequency control, oscillation damping, or updated voltage ride-through capabilities.Comment: Chapter of the Book 'Wind Power' (eBook (PDF) ISBN: 978-953-51-6418-0