LA CONSULTA PREVIA COMO ELEMENTO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL

Desde la adopción del mecanismo de “consulta previa”, el Estado colombiano se ha visto obligado a implementar una serie de políticas públicas destinadas a proteger los derechos de las comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes más desfavorecidas. Dicho mecanismo necesariamente debe ser agotado cuando se trata de proyectos de infraestructura tales como: carreteras, campos petroleros, minas, centros turísticos y otros tipos de proyectos que intervienen de manera drástica en el territorio nacio- nal, y más teniendo en cuenta, que pueden afectar probablemente las comunidades en peligro de extinción, que gozan de protección en el Convenio 169 de la OIT

LA CONSULTA PREVIA COMO ELEMENTO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL

Desde la adopción del mecanismo de “consulta previa”, el Estado colombiano se ha visto obligado a implementar una serie de políticas públicas destinadas a proteger los derechos de las comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes más desfavorecidas. Dicho mecanismo necesariamente debe ser agotado cuando se trata de proyectos de infraestructura tales como: carreteras, campos petroleros, minas, centros turísticos y otros tipos de proyectos que intervienen de manera drástica en el territorio nacio- nal, y más teniendo en cuenta, que pueden afectar probablemente las comunidades en peligro de extinción, que gozan de protección en el Convenio 169 de la OIT

Sex-Specific Regulation of miR-29b in the Myocardium Under Pressure Overload is Associated with Differential Molecular, Structural and Functional Remodeling Patterns in Mice and Patients with Aortic Stenosis

Pressure overload in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) induces an adverse remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in a sex-specific manner. We assessed whether a sex-specific miR-29b dysregulation underlies this sex-biased remodeling pattern, as has been described in liver fibrosis. We studied mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and patients with AS. miR-29b was determined in the LV (mice, patients) and plasma (patients). Expression of remodeling-related markers and histological fibrosis were determined in mouse LV. Echocardiographic morpho-functional parameters were evaluated at baseline and post-TAC in mice, and preoperatively and 1 year after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with AS. In mice, miR-29b LV regulation was opposite in TAC-males (down-regulation) and TAC-females (up-regulation). The subsequent changes in miR-29b targets (collagens and GSK-3?) revealed a remodeling pattern that was more fibrotic in males but more hypertrophic in females. Both systolic and diastolic cardiac functions deteriorated more in TAC-females, thus suggesting a detrimental role of miR-29b in females, but was protective in the LV under pressure overload in males. Clinically, miR-29b in controls and patients with AS reproduced most of the sexually dimorphic features observed in mice. In women with AS, the preoperative plasma expression of miR-29b paralleled the severity of hypertrophy and was a significant negative predictor of reverse remodeling after AVR; therefore, it may have potential value as a prognostic biomarker

Prospective study of diagnostic accuracy in the detection of high-grade prostate cancer in biopsy-naïve patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who underwent the Select MDx test

[Objectives] This study aimed to externally validate the diagnostic accuracy of the Select MDx test for Significant prostate cancer (Sig PCa) (ISUP > 1), in a contemporaneous, prospective, multicenter cohort with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) between 3 and 10 ng/ml and a non-suspicious digital rectal examination.[Methods and Participants] For all enrolled patients, the Select Mdx test, the risk calculator ERSPC3 + DRE, and a prostatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were carried out. Subsequently, a systematic 12-core trans-rectal biopsy and a targeted biopsy, in the case of a prostate imaging–reporting and data system (PIRADS) > 2 lesion (max three lesions), were performed. To assess the accuracy of the Select MDx test in the detection of clinically Sig PCa, the test sensitivity was evaluated. Secondary objectives were specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and area under the curve (AUC). A direct comparison with the ERSPC + DRE risk calculator and MRI were also performed. We also studied the predictive ability to diagnose Sig PCa from the combination of the Select MDx test with MRI using clinical decision-curve analysis.[Results] There were 163 patients enrolled after meeting the inclusion criteria and study protocol. The Select MDx test showed a sensitivity of 76.9% (95% CI, 63.2–87.5), 49.6% specificity (95% CI, 39.9–59.2), 82.09% (95% CI, 70.8–90.4) NPV, and 41.67% (95% CI, 31.7–52.2) PPV for the diagnosis of Sig PCa. COR analysis was also performed, which showed an AUC of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56–0.71). There were no differences in the accuracy of Select MDx, ERSPC + DRE, or MRI. The combination of Select MDX + MRI showed the highest impact in the decision-curve analysis, with an NPV of 93%.[Conclusion] Our study showed a worse performance for the SelectMdx test than previously reported, within a cohort of patients with a PSA 3–10 ng/ml and a normal DRE, with results similar to those from ERSPC + DRE RC and MRI, but with an improvement in the usual PSA pathway. A combination of the Select Mdx test and MRI could improve accuracy, but studies specifically evaluating this scenario with a cost-effective analysis are needed.This study received grant support from Ferrer to support the test performance, research meetings, and Central Registration Depository and CRO monitoring of the information platform for multicenter studies (AEU-PIEM/2018/0004).Peer reviewe

Entre Realidades, Publicidades y Economía/ Entre Realidades, Publicidade e Economia

La mujer a lo largo de la historia ha sido vista naturalmente en el rol de madre, esposa y ama de casa, la publicidad se ha encargado de estereotipar estos roles y mostrarnos a la mujer únicamente en el papel del hogar. La mujer adquirió diferentes derechos civiles que, al pasar del tiempo, fueron primordiales para el desarrollo profesional y laboral dentro de la sociedad colombiana.La investigación desarrollada tomo como principio el punto de observar el modo en que la mayoría de publicidad invisibiliza los nuevos roles de la mujer como: el de política, empresaria, abogada, doctora, docente, etc., se propuso para demostrar que  la mujer hoy en día no solo se dedica a la familia sino que ya ejerce otros roles en la sociedad,  teniendo en cuenta su desarrollo profesional e ingreso al campo productivo, que difícilmente son mostrados en las publicidades de nuestro país (a menos que la protagonista del comercial sea famosa).El desarrollo del artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar el papel de la mujer en la sociedad; visto desde varias perspectivas, realidades, publicidades y economía.  Es tan importante el rol de la mujer en la economía, como del hombre. Es ahora donde la cabeza de familia está siendo reemplazada por la de la mujer, un concepto que antes era impensable, pero que gracias a la búsqueda de espacios donde el pensamiento tanto de la sociedad como del hombre, ha permitido a la mujer tener una mayor participación en la economía

Caracterización del Espacio Costero-Marino del Uruguay.: Abordaje de unidades de análisis, aportes desde la dimensión del territorio costero-marino

El Uruguay cuenta con una superficie terrestre de 176,215 km², mientras que su territorio marino es de 386.568 km2. Su situación geográfica privilegiada con casi 700 km de costa sobre el Río de la Plata y el océano Atlántico, en la que se localiza el 70 % de la población nacional, evidencian la necesidad de una visión integral sobre el espacio costero-marino, que permita generar insumos para una toma de decisiones integrada y efectiva de este espacio. Con una aproximación desde la confluencia del Ordenamiento Territorial, la Planificación Espacial Marina y el Manejo Costero Integrado y con sustento en una visión sistémica del territorio el objetivo del trabajo es caracterizar el espacio costero-marino del Uru- guay a partir de la identificación de unidades de análisis territoriales. La primera fase refiere a la definición de criterios de abordaje del espacio costero-marino nacional, define escalas de análisis y componentes que posibiliten la caracterización del espacio costero- marino, esta es una fase analítica. La segunda fase, propositiva, se especializan los componentes de la estructura territorial, en cada una de las escalas identificando  unidades territoriales. Es una fase de interpretación de datos. Se definen cuatro escalas territoriales de abordaje (transnacional, nacional, subnacional y local). El estudio reali- zado analiza con mayor profundidad el territorio nacional y subnacional, identificando tres tramos a escala nacional que presentan características propias desde las aproximaciones propuestas: aspectos físico-biológicos del ámbito terrestre, aspectos físico-biológicos del ámbito marítimo, estructura territorial y marco institucional y jurídico. Las interrelaciones de diferentes marcos escalares analizados en la comprensión del desarrollo territorial costero-marino permite generar una visión más amplia, que reconoce la complejidad del problema abordado y la necesidad de considerar simultáneamente las múltiples relaciones en las distintas escalas geográficas y su correlato en el desarrollo territorial costero marino con sus políticas

Characterization of the Coastal-Marine Space of Uruguay.Approach of units of analysis, contributions from the dimension of the coastal-marine territory

Uruguay cuenta con una superficie terrestre de 176,215 km², mientras que su territorio marino es de 386.568 km2. Su situación geográfica privilegiada con casi 700 km de costa sobre el Río de la Plata y el océano Atlántico, en la que se localiza el 70 % de la población nacional, evidencian la necesidad de una visión integral sobre el espacio costero-marino, que permita generar insumos para una toma de decisiones integrada y efectiva de este espacio. Con una aproximación desde la confluencia del Ordenamiento Territorial, la Planificación Espacial Marina y el Manejo Costero Integrado y con sustento en una visión sistémica del territorio el objetivo del trabajo es caracterizar el espacio costero-marino del Uruguay a partir de la identificación de unidades de análisis territoriales. La primera fase refiere a la definición de criterios de abordaje del espacio costero-marino nacional, define escalas de análisis y componentes que posibiliten la caracterización del espacio costero- marino, esta es una fase analítica. La segunda fase, propositiva, se especializan los componentes de la estructura territorial, en cada una de las escalas identificando unidades territoriales. Es una fase de interpretación de datos. Se definen cuatro escalas territoriales de abordaje (transnacional, nacional, subnacional y local). El estudio realizado analiza con mayor profundidad el territorio nacional y subnacional, identificando tres tramos a escala nacional que presentan características propias desde las aproximaciones propuestas: aspectos físico-biológicos del ámbito terrestre, aspectos físico-biológicos del ámbito marítimo, estructura territorial y marco institucional y jurídico. Las interrelaciones de diferentes marcos escalares analizados en la comprensión del desarrollo territorial costero-marino permite generar una visión más amplia, que reconoce la complejidad del problema abordado y la necesidad de considerar simultáneamente las múltiples relaciones en las distintas escalas geográficas y su correlato en el desarrollo territorial costero marino con sus políticas.Uruguay has a land area of 176,215 km², while its marine territory is 386,568 km2. Its privileged geographical situation with almost 700 km of coastline on the Río de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean, in which 70% of the national population is located, show the need for a comprehensive vision of the coastal-marine space, which allows generate inputs for an integrated and effective decision-making in this space. With an approach from the confluence of Territorial Planning, Marine Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Management and based on a systemic vision of the territory, the objective of the work is to characterize the coastal-marine space of Uruguay from the identification of units of analysis territorial. The first phase refers to the definition of criteria for approaching the national coastal-marine space, defines scales of analysis and components that enable the characterization of the coastal-marine space, this is an analytical phase. The second phase, propositional, specializes the components of the territorial structure, in each of the scales identifying territorial units. It is a data interpretation phase. Four territorial scales of approach are defined (transnational, national, subnational and local). The study carried out analyzes in greater depth the national and subnational territory, identifying three sections on a national scale that present their own characteristics from the proposed approaches: physical-biological aspects of the land area, physical-biological aspects of the maritime area, territorial structure and institutional framework and legal. The interrelationships of different scalar frameworks analyzed in the understanding of coastal-marine territorial development allow generating a broader vision, which recognizes the complexity of the problem addressed and the need to simultaneously consider the multiple relationships at different geographical scales and their correlation in development. coastal marine territory with its policies

Identification of Solanum pimpinellifolium genome regions for increased resilience to nitrogen deficiency in cultivated tomato

14 Pág.High-quality crop production with minimal fertilizer inputs is a key goal for the agriculture of the future. Globally, tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops and its intensive production and breeding has been based on the application of large quantities of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Therefore, the development of N use efficient (NUE) cultivars with low N inputs needs to be addressed. Some variability in plant growth, fruit quality and NUE traits among tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties under low N supply has been reported, however, the relevance of wild relatives of tomato has not yet been assessed. In this study, we found that S. pimpinellifolium accession To-937 (SP) may be a suitable resource to increase NUE in tomato. We studied a set of 29 introgression lines (IL) from SP into the Moneymaker cultivar (MM) in different seasons to investigate the potential of SP introgressions to maintain the tomato plant performance during the growth cycle under low N input in greenhouse conditions. We identified specific regions in the SP genome, on chromosomes 1, 3 and 10, involved in the responses to N inputs of fruit production and fruit quality. Notably, the line SP_10-4 maintained vegetative biomass and fruit yield production under limiting N supply. The introgressed region contained putative candidate genes as sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP), invertases (INV) and glutamine synthase 1 (GS1) genes, implicated in C and N metabolism. Genomic and expression analyses revealed differences in coding and non-coding sequences as well as in mRNA levels in SP_10-4, suggesting that these genes might well contribute to the reported biomass responses to N. Additionally, line SP_1-4 showed stable fruit amino acid contents under both sufficient and limiting N supplies, indicating that assimilated N partitioning to the fruit is maintained in response to N. Altogether, our results confirmed the suitability of SP as a source of NUE related traits and the interest in the studied ILs for developing new tomato cultivars with improved NUE under sustainable fertilization conditions.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grants RTA2015-00014-c02-00 to SGN and JM, PID2020-114165RR-C21 to JM, and PID2022-136541OB-I00 to SGN), the Agroalnext program (MCIN with funding of NextGenEU-PRTR-C17.I1 Generalitat Valenciana AGROALNEXT/2022/056 to SGN), Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universitat Politècnica de València (PAID-11-21 to SGN; PAID-10-20 and PAID-PD-22 to RM), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (TED2021-129296B-I00 to SGN) and European Commission H2020 research and innovation program through HARNESSTOM grant agreement no. 101000716 (to AG) and RoxyCOST CA18210 for networking activities (to AG). We also want to acknowledge the "Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D" (CEX2020-000999-S) supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. We thank Mike Bennett for revising the English language and Javier Forment from the IBMCP Bioinformatics service for support on genomic analyses.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2020‐000999‐S)Peer reviewe

Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage

[EN] With the aim of assessing the potential of microalgae cultivation for water resource recovery (WRR), the performance of three 0.55 m3 flat-plate photobioreactors (PBRs) was evaluated in terms of nutrient removal rate (NRR) and biomass production. The PBRs were operated outdoor (at ambient temperature and light intensity) using as growth media the nutrient-rich effluent from an AnMBR fed with pre-treated sewage. Solar irradiance was the most determining factor affecting NRR. Biomass productivity was significantly affected by temperatures below 20 °C. The maximum biomass productivity (52.3 mg VSS·L−1·d−1) and NRR (5.84 mg NH4-N·L−1·d−1 and 0.85 mg PO4-P·L−1·d−1) were achieved at solar irradiance of 395 μE·m−2·s−1, temperature of 25.5 °C, and HRT of 8 days. Under these conditions, it was possible to comply with effluent nutrient standards (European Directive 91/271/CEE) when the nutrient content in the influent was in the range of 40 50 mg N·L−1 and 6 7 mg P·L−1.This research work was possible thanks to project CTM2011-28595-C02-01/02 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness jointly with the European Regional Development Fund and Generalitat Valenciana (GVA-ACOMP2013/203). This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via a pre-doctoral FPU fellowship to the second author (AP2010-3708).Viruela Navarro, A.; Murgui Mezquita, M.; Gómez Gil, TA.; Durán Pinzón, F.; Robles Martínez, Á.; Ruano García, MV.; Ferrer Polo, J.... (2016). Water resource recovery by means of microalgae cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors using the effluent from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor fed with pre-treated sewage. Bioresource Technology. 218:447-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.116S44745421