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    Evaluaci贸n de la eficiencia de un sistema de humedales construidos en la remoci贸n de mercurio de efluentes mineros aur铆feros

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    Background. Mercury (Hg) contamination resulting from gold mining is an environmental problem caused by its ability to affect ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is essential to propose alternatives focused on reducing the pollution produced mainly to water resources, due to the persistence and permanence of this heavy metal in the environment. Goals. This study evaluated the removal of Hg and the organic load of wastewater from a mining plant through a horizontal subsurface wetland flow system. Methods. The physicochemical characterization of the mining sewage was carried out, in addition, a system of three wetlands was designed and operated in which the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and the plantation of Heliconia psittacorum were varied, then, parameters such as pH, OD, turbidity, BOD5, COD and Mercury were studied. An ANOVA statistical test with significance of 95% was applied. Results. The mining effluent showed COD and Hg concentrations of 197 mg O2/L and 0.0021 mg/L, respectively, values which are higher than those permitted by Colombian and EPA regulations. The wetlands evaluated showed removal efficiencies for turbidity, BOD5, COD and Hg higher than 98.44%, 93.10%, 71.52% and 91.03%, respectively. The statistical tests suggest that there is no significant difference in the TRH (p=0.361), therefore it is possible to operate the wetland system with 2 days of treatment. In addition, significant differences were found between the planted wetlands and those composed only by the support bed (p=0.039). Conclusions. Horizontal subsurface flow wetlands and Heliconia psittacorum are highly efficient in the removal of Hg from gold mining wastewater, consolidating as a promising technology for environmental bioremediation.Antecedentes. La contaminaci贸n por mercurio (Hg) producto del beneficio minero aur铆fero es un problema de 铆ndole ambiental, dada su capacidad de afectar los ecosistemas y la salud humana. Por lo cual, es fundamental proponer alternativas enfocadas en disminuir la contaminaci贸n producida principalmente al recurso h铆drico, debido a la persistencia y permanencia de este metal pesado en el ambiente Objetivo. Evaluar la remoci贸n de Hg y la carga org谩nica del agua residual proveniente de un entable minero mediante un sistema de humedales de flujo subsuperficial horizontal. M茅todos. Se realiz贸 la caracterizaci贸n fisicoqu铆mica del agua residual minera, adem谩s, se dise帽贸 y oper贸 un sistema de tres humedales a los cuales se les vari贸 el Tiempo de Retenci贸n Hidr谩ulica (TRH) y la presencia o ausencia de Heliconia psittacorum, se evaluaron par谩metros como pH, OD, turbidez, DBO5, DQO y Mercurio. Se aplic贸 una prueba estad铆stica ANOVA con significancia del 95%. Resultados. El efluente minero arroj贸 concentraciones para DQO y Hg de 197 mg O2/L y 0,0021 mg/L, respectivamente, valores superiores a los permisibles por la normativa colombiana y de la EPA. Los humedales evaluados mostraron eficiencias de remoci贸n para turbiedad, DBO5, DQO y Hg superiores al 98,44%, 93,10%, 71,52% y 91,03%, respectivamente. Las pruebas estad铆sticas sugieren que no existe diferencia significativa con respecto a la variaci贸n del TRH,聽pues los porcentajes de eficiencia de remoci贸n del Hg para 2 y 4 d铆as son relativamente similares Conclusiones.聽 Los humedales de flujo subsuperficial horizontal y Heliconia psittacorum, son altamente eficientes en la remoci贸n de Hg de aguas residuales de miner铆a aur铆fera, consolid谩ndose como una tecnolog铆a prometedora para la biorremediaci贸n ambiental
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