Producción y calidad del forraje de tres variedades de yuca bajo tres densidades de siembra

One limitation of livestock farming in the Colombian Caribbean is the decline in production and quality of forage in times of drought or rain. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage production and nutritional quality of three varieties of cassava (SM 2546-40, SM 1511-6 and SM 2081-34) under three planting densities (40,000, 55,000 and 70,000 plants ha-1) and three harvest ages (75, 90 and 105 days). The experiment was conducted at the Research Center Turipaná-Corpoica, in 2011, under a split-split-plot design with three replications. Green fodder production (GFP), dry matter production (DMP), crude protein production (CPP), crude protein content (CPC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash were evaluated. In the wet season (MayAugust), the GFP and DMP was 150% higher than in the dry season (January to April) and the protein 100% higher. Cassava variety SM 2081-34 produced greater GFP and DMP, and lower content of ADF. In the three planting densities, GFP and DMP were similar, but with 55,000 and 700,000 plants / ha, the CPP was higher. After 105 days, the highest GFP, DMP and CPP were obtained, whereas at 75 days, the forage had lower contents of NDF and ADF, and higher protein content (CPB). After 105 days, the ash content was higher. SM 2081-34 variety produced more dry matter and protein at 105 days with 55,000 ha-1 plants. Una limitante de la ganadería, de la región Caribe colombiana es la disminución de la producción y calidad del forraje en épocas de sequía o de lluvias. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la producción y calidad del forraje de tres variedades de yuca (SM 2546-40, SM 1511-6 y SM 2081-34) bajo tres densidades de siembra (40.000, 55.000 y 70.000 plantas ha-1 ) y tres edades de cosecha (75, 90 y 105 días). El experimento se realizó en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná-Corpoica, en 2011, bajo un diseño de parcelas subdivididas, con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las producciones de forraje verde (PFV), materia seca (PMS), proteína bruta (PPB), contenido de proteína bruta (CPB), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente acida (FDA) y cenizas. En el periodo húmedo (mayo-agosto), la PFV y PMS fue 150% más alta que en el seco (enero-abril) y, la de proteína 100% mayor. La variedad de yuca SM 2081-34 produjo mayores PFV y PMS, y menor contenido de FDA. En las tres densidades de siembra las PFV y PMS fueron similares, pero con 55.000 y 70.000 plantas/ha, la PPB fue más alta. A los 105 días, se obtuvieron mayores PFV, PMS y PPB; mientras que, a los 75 días, el forraje presentó menores contenidos de FDN y FDA, y mayor contenido de proteína (CPB). A los 105 días, el contenido de cenizas fue más alto. La variedad SM 2081-34 produjo más materia seca y proteína a los 105 días con 55.000 plantas ha-1 . Palabras clave: Yuca forrajera, materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra detergente ácida

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Proyecto de Innovación docente 2021Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707