502 research outputs found
In Search of a Strategy for Making Growth More Pro-Poor in the Philippines
The main driver of poverty reduction has shifted from agricultural to non-agricultural income growth in rural Philippines in the past two decades. Agricultural growth is still relatively more important (vis-Ă -vis non-agricultural growth), however, in reducing rural poverty in relatively more isolated provinces. Our results suggest that agricultural investments should focus on areas with underdeveloped infrastructure but with comparative advantage in agriculture. At the same time, non-agricultural income growth can be made more pro-poor by investing in mobility infrastructure and health, facilitating international labor migration, and lowering income inequality.poverty, growth and inequality, pro-poor growth, role of agriculture, the Philippines, Asia
Analog of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality for steering
The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality (and its permutations), are
necessary and sufficient criteria for Bell nonlocality in the simplest
Bell-nonlocality scenario: 2 parties, 2 measurements per party and 2 outcomes
per measurement. Here we derive an inequality for EPR-steering that is an
analogue of the CHSH, in that it is necessary and sufficient in this same
scenario. However, since in the case of steering the device at Bob's site must
be specified (as opposed to the Bell case in which it is a black box), the
scenario we consider is that where Alice performs two (black-box) dichotomic
measurements, and Bob performs two mutually unbiased qubit measurements. We
show that this inequality is strictly weaker than the CHSH, as expected, and
use it to decide whether a recent experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 130401
(2013).] involving a single-photon split between two parties has demonstrated
EPR-steering.Comment: Expanded v2, new results, new figure. 9 pages, 2 figure
Changes in spatial income inequality in the Philippines: An exploratory analysis
The purpose of this paper is to establish some basic facts about income inequality in the Philippines, with a special focus on the importance of spatial income inequality. Despite major fluctuations in macroeconomic performances, income inequality remained relatively stable during the years 1985-2000. Spatial inequality accounts for a sizable but not overwhelming portion of the national-level income inequality, and the relative importance of spatial inequality was declining over time. We also find that mean income levels across provinces were converging at a much faster rate than those observed in currently developed countries
In search of a strategy for making growth more pro-poor in the Philippines
The main driver of poverty reduction has shifted from agricultural to non-agricultural income growth in rural Philippines in the past two decades. Agricultural growth is still relatively more important (vis-Ă -vis non-agricultural growth), however, in reducing rural poverty in relatively more isolated provinces. Our results suggest that agricultural investments should focus on areas with underdeveloped infrastructure but with comparative advantage in agriculture. At the same time, non-agricultural income growth can be made more pro-poor by investing in mobility infrastructure and health, facilitating international labor migration, and lowering income inequality
Research Paper No. 2004/34 Changes in Spatial Income Inequality in the Philippines An Exploratory Analysis
The purpose of this paper is to establish some basic facts about income inequality in the Philippines, with a special focus on the importance of spatial income inequality. Despite major fluctuations in macroeconomic performances, income inequality remained relatively stable during the years 1985-2000. Spatial inequality accounts for a sizable but not overwhelming portion of the national-level income inequality, and the relative importance of spatial inequality was declining over time. We also find that mean income levels across provinces were converging at a much faster rate than those observed in currently developed countries
Should We Track Migrant Households When Collecting Household Panel Data?:Household Relocation, Economic Mobility and Attrition Biases in the Rural Philippines
Based on household panel data that tracked migrant households (with an additional survey cost of 17 percent), this article describes behavior of household relocation and quantifies the extent of attrition biases in estimating the determinants of percapita household consumption and of its growth rate. Many households relocate for non-economic reasons, and to rural destinations, while the small number of urban migrants improved their wellbeing faster than did others. Such heterogeneity among migrants may be a reason behind the negligible attrition biases caused by the omission of migrants, in the inference on the average behavioral coefficients among the original population
A short sequence for the iterative synthesis of fused polyethers
A simple and efficient fourâstep sequence for the synthesis of fused polyether arrays has been developed. Cyclic ethers are installed by sequential alkynyl ether formation, carbocupration, ringâclosing metathesis and hydroboration with acidic workup. Crucially, the alkene required for the subsequent ring formation by ringâclosing metathesis is present in the substrate but is masked in the form of a vinylic silane, which prevents competitive metathesis of the side chain. Generation of the reactive alkene from the unreactive vinylic silane is accomplished by hydroboration and subsequent acidâmediated Peterson elimination of the intermediate hydroxysilane
Auditory ERPs to Stimulus Deviance in an Awake Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Towards Hominid Cognitive Neurosciences
BACKGROUND: For decades, the chimpanzee, phylogenetically closest to humans, has been analyzed intensively in comparative cognitive studies. Other than the accumulation of behavioral data, the neural basis for cognitive processing in the chimpanzee remains to be clarified. To increase our knowledge on the evolutionary and neural basis of human cognition, comparative neurophysiological studies exploring endogenous neural activities in the awake state are needed. However, to date, such studies have rarely been reported in non-human hominid species, due to the practical difficulties in conducting non-invasive measurements on awake individuals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We measured auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) of a fully awake chimpanzee, with reference to a well-documented component of human studies, namely mismatch negativity (MMN). In response to infrequent, deviant tones that were delivered in a uniform sound stream, a comparable ERP component could be detected as negative deflections in early latencies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study reports the MMN-like component in a chimpanzee for the first time. In human studies, various ERP components, including MMN, are well-documented indicators of cognitive and neural processing. The results of the present study validate the use of non-invasive ERP measurements for studies on cognitive and neural processing in chimpanzees, and open the way for future studies comparing endogenous neural activities between humans and chimpanzees. This signifies an essential step in hominid cognitive neurosciences
Fundamental physics activities with pulsed neutron at J-PARC(BL05)
"Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP/ BL05)" at MLF in J-PARC is a beamline for
studies of fundamental physics. The beamline is divided into three branches so
that different experiments can be performed in parallel. These beam branches
are being used to develop a variety of new projects. We are developing an
experimental project to measure the neutron lifetime with total uncertainty of
1 s (0.1%). The neutron lifetime is an important parameter in elementary
particle and astrophysics. Thus far, the neutron lifetime has been measured by
several groups; however, different values are obtained from different
measurement methods. This experiment is using a method with different sources
of systematic uncertainty than measurements conducted to date. We are also
developing a source of pulsed ultra-cold neutrons (UCNs) produced from a
Doppler shifter are available at the unpolarized beam branch. We are developing
a time focusing device for UCNs, a so called "rebuncher", which can increase
UCN density from a pulsed UCN source. At the low divergence beam branch, an
experiment to search an unknown intermediate force with nanometer range is
performed by measuring the angular dependence of neutron scattering by noble
gases. Finally the beamline is also used for the research and development of
optical elements and detectors. For example, a position sensitive neutron
detector that uses emulsion to achieve sub-micrometer resolution is currently
under development. We have succeeded in detecting cold and ultra-cold neutrons
using the emulsion detector.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of International Conference on
Neutron Optics (NOP2017
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