Preface Volume 36

AbstractThis volume constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Rewriting Logic and its Applications.Following the successful first and second International Workshops on Rewriting Logic and its Applications, held in Asilomar (California) in September 1996 and in Pont-à-Mousson (France) in September 1998 respectively, the third workshop takes place in Kanazawa (Japan) in September 18, 19, 20 (Mon, Tue, Wed), 2000.Kanazawa is one of the most beautiful old towns in Japan. The workshop site (Kanazawa City Cultural Hall) is located just in the downtown of Kanazawa and major sightseeing spots are easily accessible on foot. This setting helps to make the workshop intimate, enjoyable, and productive.Rewriting logic is a natural semantic framework for concurrency, parallelism, and communication in computing, and for the specification of a wide range of systems and languages. It also has good properties as a logical framework for representing many varieties of logics. A growing number of research efforts exploring the foundations and applications of rewriting logic in all these directions are being carried out worldwide, and several languages based on rewriting logic such as CafeOBJ, ELAN, and Maude are being designed and implemented.The goal of WRLA2000 is to bring together researchers, from all over the world so that they can present their recent works, discuss future research directions, and exchange ideas. In addition to the presentations of research results, the program includes invited presentations and system demonstrations.Technical focuses of WRLA2000 are placed on such topics as secure protocol specifications and verification, future language features, rewriting for behavioral specifications, architecture for supporting system. We hope the discussions at the workshop help each participant to understand the current status and future issues of rewriting logic and relating fields.The workshop is supported by honest efforts of many people and organizations. The authors who submitted papers provide us the primary possibility of having interesting and productive workshop. The program committee members and external reviewers worked hard to review and select papers for presentation. These makes it possible for us to have an attractive program. The local arrangement and publicity chairs take care of running of the workshop, and let us enjoy the workshop under nice conditions. Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa City, JAIST, SRA, and MRI support the workshop financially. We want to thank all of them for making it possible for us to have this productive workshop.Kanazawa, Japan, September 2000Kokichi Futatsug

Design and Control of a Robotic Forceps Manipulator with Screw-Drive Bending Mechanism and Extension of Its Motion Space

AbstractIn this paper, a multi-DOF robotic forceps manipulator that was developed in our laboratory is reviewed. We have developed a new bending technique with a screwdrive mechanism so far, which allows for omnidirectional bending motion by rotating two linkages. The screwdrive mechanism, termed double-screw-drive (DSD) mechanism, was utilized in a multi-DOF robotic forceps manipulator for laparoscopic surgery. Control of a robotic forceps manipulator incorporating the DSD mechanism (DSD forceps) through a teleoperation system was attempted via a joystick-type manipulator. For the teleoperation system, a Lyapunov function based bilateral control law that is capable of motion scaling in both position and force tracking was proposed so as to guarantee stability of the teleoperation system in the presence of time-varying delay. Then, the proposed bilateral control law was adopted for omnidirectional bending of the DSD forceps. Thus, a scalable surgical device that can provide force feedback to surgeon via a joystick-type manipulator was achieved. In addition, to extend the motion space of the DSD mechanism, design of the former DSD mechanism was improved so that the degree of freedom of motion of the tip position is extended, and new DSD mechanism was proposed. In order to control bending motion of the new DSD mechanism, inverse kinematics problem was analyzed, and equations which give the amount of rotations for each linkage were derived. To verify the validity of the derived equations, experimental works were carried out for the new DSD forceps manipulator

Formalization and Verification of Behavioral Correctness of Dynamic Software Updates

AbstractDynamic Software Updating (DSU) is a technique of updating running software systems on-the-fly. Whereas there are some studies on the correctness of dynamic updating, they focus on how to deploy updates correctly at the code level, e.g., if procedures refer to the data of correct types. However, little attention has been paid to the correctness of the dynamic updating at the behavior level, e.g., if systems after being updated behave as expected, and if unexpected behaviors can never occur. We present an algebraic methodology of specifying dynamic updates and verifying their behavioral correctness by using off-the-shelf theorem proving and model checking tools. By theorem proving we can show that systems after being updated indeed satisfy their desired properties, and by model checking we can detect potential errors. Our methodology is general in that: (1) it can be applied to three updating models that are mainly used in current DSU systems; and (2) it is not restricted to dynamic updates for certain programming models

CafeOBJ: Logical Foundations and Methodologies

CafeOBJ is an executable industrial strength multi-logic algebraic specification language which is a modern successor of OBJ and incorporates several new algebraic specification paradigms. In this paper we survey its logical foundations and present some of its methodologies

Site-specific mutagenesis of human interleukin-6 and its biological activity

AbstractAmino acid substitutions of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) were performed. Single substitution Met162 → Ala and double substitutions Leu159, 166 → Val resulted in a significant decrease of IL-6 activity in the production of immunoglobulin (lg) from B-cells. Single substitution Leu166→Val or Leu159→Val gave a slight or no significant decrease in the Ig-induction activity, respectively. The receptor-binding activity of each IL-6 mutant was also examined. It was observed that the decrease of the receptor-binding activity was generally in parallel with that of the Ig-induction activity. We therefore suggest that hydrophobic side-chains existing in Met162, Leu159, and Leu164 are significantly involved in the receptor-binding of IL-6

Self-assembly of carbon-nanotube-based single electron memories

We demonstrate wafer-scale integration of single electron memories based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors (cnfets) by a complete self assembly process. First, a dry self assembly based on a Hot Filament assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition technique allows both localized growth and in situ electrical connection of carbon nanotubes on predefined catalytic electrodes. The semiconducting carbon nanotubes integration yield can exceed 50% for a batch. Secondly, a wet self-assembly attaches single 30 nm-diameter gold bead in the nanotube vicinity via chemical functionalization. The bead acts as the memory storage node while the cnfet operated in the subthreshold regime is an electrometer having exponential gain. Below 50 K, the transfer characteristics of some functionalized cnfets show highly reproducible hysteretical steps whose height can reach one decade of current. Evaluation of the capacitance confirms these current steps originate from single electron transfers between the bead and the nanotubes with a time retention exceeding 550s at 1.5K

Cell adhesion molecules regulate Ca2+-mediated steering of growth cones via cyclic AMP and ryanodine receptor type 3

Axonal growth cones migrate along the correct paths during development, not only directed by guidance cues but also contacted by local environment via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Asymmetric Ca2+ elevations in the growth cone cytosol induce both attractive and repulsive turning in response to the guidance cues (Zheng, J.Q. 2000. Nature. 403:89–93; Henley, J.R., K.H. Huang, D. Wang, and M.M. Poo. 2004. Neuron. 44:909–916). Here, we show that CAMs regulate the activity of ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) via cAMP and protein kinase A in dorsal root ganglion neurons. The activated RyR3 mediates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) into the cytosol, leading to attractive turning of the growth cone. In contrast, the growth cone exhibits repulsion when Ca2+ signals are not accompanied by RyR3-mediated CICR. We also propose that the source of Ca2+ influx, rather than its amplitude or the baseline Ca2+ level, is the primary determinant of the turning direction. In this way, axon-guiding and CAM-derived signals are integrated by RyR3, which serves as a key regulator of growth cone navigation

教育支援オンラインコミュニケーションシステムの開発と実践

13301甲第5409号博士（工学）金沢大学博士論文本文Ful

教育支援オンラインコミュニケーションシステムの開発と実践

13301甲第5409号博士（工学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstrac