Role of Interchain Hopping in the Magnetic Susceptibility of Quasi-One-Dimensional Electron Systems

The role of interchain hopping in quasi-one-dimensional (Q-1D) electron systems is investigated by extending the Kadanoff-Wilson renormalization group of one-dimensional (1D) systems to Q-1D systems. This scheme is applied to the extended Hubbard model to calculate the temperature ($T$) dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, $\chi (T)$. The calculation is performed by taking into account not only the logarithmic Cooper and Peierls channels, but also the non-logarithmic Landau and finite momentum Cooper channels, which give relevant contributions to the uniform response at finite temperatures. It is shown that the interchain hopping, $t_\perp$, reduces $\chi (T)$ at low temperatures, while it enhances $\chi(T)$ at high temperatures. This notable $t_\perp$ dependence is ascribed to the fact that $t_\perp$ enhances the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation at low temperatures, while it suppresses the 1D fluctuation at high temperatures. The result is at variance with the random-phase-approximation approach, which predicts an enhancement of $\chi (T)$ by $t_\perp$ over the whole temperature range. The influence of both the long-range repulsion and the nesting deviations on $\chi (T)$ is further investigated. We discuss the present results in connection with the data of $\chi (T)$ in the (TMTTF)$_2X$ and (TMTSF)$_2X$ series of Q-1D organic conductors, and propose a theoretical prediction for the effect of pressure on magnetic susceptibility.Comment: 17 pages, 19figure

Mechanism for the Singlet to Triplet Superconductivity Crossover in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Conductors

Superconductivity of quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors with a quarter-filled band is investigated using the two-loop renormalization group approach to the extended Hubbard model for which both the single electron hopping t_{\perp} and the repulsive interaction V_{\perp} perpendicular to the chains are included. For a four-patches Fermi surface with deviations to perfect nesting, we calculate the response functions for the dominant fluctuations and possible superconducting states. By increasing V_{\perp}, it is shown that a d-wave (singlet) to f-wave (triplet) superconducting state crossover occurs, and is followed by a vanishing spin gap. Furthermore, we study the influence of a magnetic field through the Zeeman coupling, from which a triplet superconducting state is found to emerge.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures, published versio

A field-induced reentrant insulator state of a gap-closed topological insulator (Bi_{1-x}Sb_x) in quantum-limit states

In the extreme quantum limit states under high magnetic fields, enhanced electronic correlation effects can stabilize anomalous quantum states. Using band-tuning with a magnetic field, we realized a spin-polarized quantum limit state in the field-induced semimetallic phase of a topological insulator Bi_{1-x}Sb_x. Further increase in the field injects more electrons and holes to this state and results in an unexpected reentrant insulator state in this topological semimetallic state. A single-particle picture cannot explain this reentrant insulator state, reminiscent of phase transitions due to many-body effects. Estimates of the binding energy and spacing of electron-hole pairs and the thermal de Broglie wavelength indicate that Bi_{1-x}Sb_x may host the excitonic insulator phase in this extreme environment.Comment: 26pages, 6figure

Quantum Monte Carlo study of the pairing symmetry competition in the Hubbard model

To shed light into the pairing mechanism of possible spin-triplet superconductors (TMTSF)$_2$X and Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, we study the competition among various spin singlet and triplet pairing channels in the Hubbard model by calculating the pairing interaction vertex using the ground state quantum Monte Carlo technique. We model (TMTSF)$_2$X by a quarter-filled quasi-one dimensional (quasi-1D) Hubbard model,and the $\gamma$ band of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ by a two dimensional (2D) Hubbard model with a band filling of $\sim 4/3$. For the quasi-1D system, we find that triplet $f$-wave pairing not only dominates over triplet p-wave in agreement with the spin fluctuation theory, but also looks unexpectedly competitive against d-wave. For the 2D system, although the results suggest presence of attractive interaction in the triplet pairing channels, the d-wave pairing interaction is found to be larger than those of the triplet channels

Normal State Spin Dynamics of Five-band Model for Iron-pnictides

Normal state spin dynamics of the recently discovered iron-pnictide superconductors is discussed by calculating spin structure factor S(q, omega) in an itinerant five-band model within RPA approximation. Due to the characteristic Fermi surface structure of iron-pnictide, column like response is found at (pi, 0) in extended Brillouin zone in the undoped case, which is consistent with the recent neutron scattering experiment. This indicates that the localized spin model is not necessary to explain the spin dynamics of this system. Furthermore, we show that the temperature dependence of inelastic neutron scattering intensity can be well reproduced in the itinerant model. We also study NMR 1/T_1T in the same footing calculation and show that the itinerant model can capture the magnetic property of iron-pnictide superconductors.Comment: 4 page

The Origin of the Charge Ordering and Its Relevance to Superconductivity in θ\theta-(BEDT-TTF)2_2X: The Effect of the Fermi Surface Nesting and the Distant Electron-Electron Interactions

The origin of the charge ordering in organic compounds $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2 X$ ($X=MM'$(SCN)$_4$, $M=$Tl,Rb,Co, $M'=$Cs,Zn) is studied using an extended Hubbard model. Calculating the charge susceptibility within random phase approximation (RPA), we find that the $(3\times 3)\sim (3\times 4)$ charge ordering observed at relatively high temperatures can be considered as a consequence of a cooperation between the Fermi surface nesting, controlled by the hopping integral in the $c$ direction, and the electron-electron interactions, where the distant (next nearest neighbor) interactions that have not been taken into account in most of the previous studies play an important role.Mean field analysis at T=0 also supports the RPA results, and further shows that in the $3\times 3$ charge ordered state, some portions of the Fermi surface remain ungapped and are nested with a nesting vector close to the modulation wave vector of the horizontal stripe ordering observed at low temperatures in $X=MM'$(SCN)$_4$. We further study the possibility of superconductivity by taking into account the distant off-site repulsions and the band structure corresponding to $X=$I$_3$, in which superconductivity is experimentally observed. We find that there is a close competition between $d_{xy}$-wave-like singlet pairing and $p_{x+2y}$-wave-like triplet pairing due to a cooperation between the charge and the spin fluctuations. The present analysis provides a possible unified understanding of the experimental phase diagram of the $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2 X$ family, ranging from a charge ordered insulator to a superconductor.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures (Figs.5,6,7,14,15,18 compressed using jpeg2ps

On the Puzzle of Odd-Frequency Superconductivity

Since the first theoretical proposal by Berezinskii, an odd-frequency superconductivity has encountered the fundamental problems on its thermodynamic stability and rigidity of a homogenous state accompanied by unphysical Meissner effect. Recently, Solenov {\it et al}. [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 79} (2009) 132502.] have asserted that the path-integral formulation gets rid of the difficulties leading to a stable homogenous phase with an ordinary Meissner effect. Here, we show that it is crucial to choose the appropriate saddle-point solution that minimizes the effective free energy, which was assumed {\it implicitly} in the work by Solenov and co-workers. We exhibit the path-integral framework for the odd-frequency superconductivity with general type of pairings, including an argument on the retarded functions via the analytic continuation to the real axis.Comment: 6 pages, in JPSJ forma

On the Meissner Effect of the Odd-Frequency Superconductivity with Critical Spin Fluctuations: Possibility of Zero Field FFLO pairing

We investigate the influence of critical spin fluctuations on electromagnetic responses in the odd-frequency superconductivity. It is shown that the Meissner kernel of the odd-frequency superconductivity is strongly reduced by the critical spin fluctuation or the massless spin wave mode in the antiferromagnetic phase. These results imply that the superfluid density is reduced, and the London penetration depth is lengthened for the odd-frequency pairing. It is also shown that the zero field Flude-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing is spontaneously realized both for even- and odd-frequency in the case of sufficiently strong coupling with low lying spin-modes.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

d-Wave Spin Density Wave phase in the Attractive Hubbard Model with Spin Polarization

We investigate the possibility of unconventional spin density wave (SDW) in the attractive Hubbard model with finite spin polarization. We show that pairing and density fluctuations induce the transverse d-wave SDW near the half-filling. This novel SDW is related to the d-wave superfluidity induced by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, in the sense that they are connected with each other through Shiba's attraction-repulsion transformation. Our results predict the d-wave SDW in real systems, such as cold Fermi atom gases with population imbalance and compounds involving valence skipper elements