Binding Energy between a Vacancy and an Atom of Third Element and their Effects on the Initial Aging of Aluminium Binary Alloys

Al-Zn, Al-Ag and Al-Cu base ternary alloys were studied by measurement of electrical resistivity. An approximate methods to estimate the binding energy between an atom of a third element and a vacancy was derived. The binding energy between a vacancy and an atom of Cu, Ag, Au, Be, Ca, Cd, In, Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Pb or Mn was estimated to be 0.35, 0.28, 0.27, 0.32, 0.39, 0.28, 0.30, 0.33, 0.33, 0.43, >0.38 or <0.23 (±0.05) eV, respectively. The results may be summarized as follows: (I) The ratio of the time required to reach the maximum electrical resistivity in isothermal aging curves of the Al-Zn-X or Al-Ag-X ternary alloy to that in the Al-Zn or Al-Ag binary alloy may be inversely proportional to the ratio of the concentration of vacancies bound to Zn or Ag atoms immediately after quenching in the ternary alloy to that in the binary alloy. And also the ratio of initial rate of clustering for AI-Cu-X ternary alloy to that in the binary alloy may be inversely proportional to the ratio of the concentration of vacancies bound to Cu atoms immediately after quenching in the ternary alloy to that in the binary alloy. It is possible to deduce the binding energy between an atom of X element and a vacancy using this relations. (2) The effect of the valence of the solute element on the binding energy between an atom of a third element and a vacancy was remarkable. (3) The effect of the radius of an atom of the solute element on the binding energy is also observed, but this effect is smaller than that of the valence

Deformation and Prefered Orientation of Precipitates in Cold Worked Al-Zn Alloys

Fiber textures of drawn wires of Al-Zn alloys containing precipitates were studied mainly by X-ray methods. In supersaturated solid solution the wire texture was a double fiber texture with [100]and [111]. It was considered that a phase precipitates were rotated with matrix, while they were deformed. And then the matrix containing stable precipitates (Zn) had [100] and [111] textures. The intense spots, corresponding to [111] fiber texture of matrix, in the Debye rings of (002)p and (101)p planes of precipitates were clearly observed. But, on the other hand, spots, corresponding to [100] fiber texture of matrix, shown the prefered orientation of precipitates in (002)p Debye ring were very weak and brodening

Binding Energies between a Vacancy and an Atom of Lead or Gold in Al-10wt % Zn Alloys

Binding energies between a vacancy and an atom of lead or gold were measured with the same method as those previously reported. The solid solubility of lead or gold in aluminium is very small, and the small quantity of precipitates are found along grain boundaries in this experiment. Therefore, it was not possible to determine the value of binding energy, but the lower limit of binding energy was estimated. The values of lower limit for Pb-Vacancy and Au-Vacancy binding energy were 0.38 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively

Binding Energies between a Vacancy and a Cadmium, Indium or Tin Atom in Al-10wt % Zn, Al-3.0wt % Ag and Al-3.0wt % Cu Alloys

The changes of electrical resistivity of several alloys, that is, Al-10wt % Zn, Al-10wt % Zn-0.01wt % Cd, Al-10wt % Zn-0.01wt % In, Al-10wt % Zn-0.01wt % Sn, Al-3.0wt % Ag, Al-3.0wt % Ag-0.01wt % Cd, Al-3.0wt % Ag-0.01wt % In, Al3.0wt % Ag-0.0lwt % Sn, Al-3.0wt % Cu, Al-3.0wt % Cu-0.0lwt % Cd and Al-3.0wt % Cu-0.01wt % In, during isothermal aging after quenching were measured. The interactions between a vacancy and a cadmium, indium or tin atom in Al-10wt % Zn, Al-3.0wt % Ag and Al-3.0wt % Cu alloys were estimated. Binding energies obtained for Al-Zn, Al-Ag and Al-Cu base ternary alloys agree within experimental accuracy with each other

A Case of Hypocalcaemia Due to Vitamin D Deficiency in ‘Hikikomori’ Syndrome

Objective: To describe hypocalcaemia due to vitamin D deficiency in ‘hikikomori’ syndrome. Materials and methods: A 37-year-old man with ‘hikikomori’ syndrome for a year was admitted with hypocalcaemia (serum ionic calcium 1.17 mmol/l). Serum 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was depressed at 12.1 pg/ml (29.0 pmol/l) and plasma intact PTH elevated at 324 ng/l. Administration of 1 μg/day 1α(OH)-vitamin D3 and 1 g/day calcium lactate for 1 week normalized calcium and PTH, and raised 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 to low normal levels. Conclusion: This is the first report of hypocalcaemia due to vitamin D deficiency in a patient with ‘hikikomori’ syndrome

Fully 3D Implementation of the End-to-end Deep Image Prior-based PET Image Reconstruction Using Block Iterative Algorithm

Deep image prior (DIP) has recently attracted attention owing to its unsupervised positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction, which does not require any prior training dataset. In this paper, we present the first attempt to implement an end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction method that incorporates a forward-projection model into a loss function. To implement a practical fully 3D PET image reconstruction, which could not be performed due to a graphics processing unit memory limitation, we modify the DIP optimization to block-iteration and sequentially learn an ordered sequence of block sinograms. Furthermore, the relative difference penalty (RDP) term was added to the loss function to enhance the quantitative PET image accuracy. We evaluated our proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation with [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data of a human brain and a preclinical study on monkey brain [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data. The proposed method was compared with the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (EM), maximum-a-posterior EM with RDP, and hybrid DIP-based PET reconstruction methods. The simulation results showed that the proposed method improved the PET image quality by reducing statistical noise and preserved a contrast of brain structures and inserted tumor compared with other algorithms. In the preclinical experiment, finer structures and better contrast recovery were obtained by the proposed method. This indicated that the proposed method can produce high-quality images without a prior training dataset. Thus, the proposed method is a key enabling technology for the straightforward and practical implementation of end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Postoperative complications of Okabayashi's operation for carcinoma of the cervix in recent 5 years

Okabayashi's radical extensive hysterectomy is one of the excellent operations for carcinoma of the cervix. In this study on the postoperative complications during the recent 5 years, we obtained the following results. 1. In the total of 861 cases studied, the primary mortality amounts to 1.2 per cent, the incidence of the uretero-vaginal fistula 2.7 per cent, the pelvic abscess 16.8 per cent, and the lymphocyst 23.3 per cent. 2. On comparing the results with our previous ones as well as those of other investigators, it is found that satisfactory results have been obtained due to the advent of various antibiotics in recent years and also due to a marked advance made in the technics of blood and fluid administration as well as anesthesia. 3. Since the various complications have not completely been overcome and they still pose an important problem, an effort should be made toward a better postoperative care in order to prevent the complications.</p